ANALYSIS OF FLOW THROUGH BALL VALVE GUIDED BY: V.R.PRAMOD Sr. SCALE LECTURER ME DEPT. PRESENTED BY: RAJEEV THOMAS ROLL NO: 114 S7MB

INTRODUCTION

BALL VALVE DESCRIPTION

COMPONENT PARTS OF BALL VALVE

TYPES OF BALL VALVE CONVENTIONAL TYPE CONVENTIONAL TYPE CHARACTERISED TYPE CHARACTERISED TYPE BALL AND CAGE TYPE BALL AND CAGE TYPE

CONVENTIONAL TYPE

THE VALVE BODY CAN BE CONFIGURED AS TWO-WAY, THREE-WAY OR SPLIT BODY. FIGURE ILLUSTRATES SOME OF THE AVAILABLE MULTIPORT CONFIGURATIONS

CONVENTIONAL TYPE DESIGN PARAMETERS SIZE AND DESIGN PRESSURE: 12.5mm TO 1.06m IN ANSI CLASS 150; TO 300mm IN ANSI CLASS 2500 SIZE AND DESIGN PRESSURE: 12.5mm TO 1.06m IN ANSI CLASS 150; TO 300mm IN ANSI CLASS 2500 DESIGN TEMPERATURE: 157 TO 315 O C FOR SPECIAL DESIGN -184 TO 1020 O C DESIGN TEMPERATURE: 157 TO 315 O C FOR SPECIAL DESIGN -184 TO 1020 O C CAPACITY: STANDARD BALL: C V =30d 2 TO C V =45d 2, FULL BORE BALL: C V =35d 2 TO C V =100d 2 CAPACITY: STANDARD BALL: C V =30d 2 TO C V =45d 2, FULL BORE BALL: C V =35d 2 TO C V =100d 2 MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION: BODY:CAST OR BRONZE, CARBON STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL, ALUMINIUM, PLASTICS etc. BALL:STAINLESS STEEL, GLASS, CERAMICS, TITANIUM, PLASTICS etc. SEATS:TEFLON, NATURAL RUBBER, GRAPHITE etc. MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION: BODY:CAST OR BRONZE, CARBON STEEL, STAINLESS STEEL, ALUMINIUM, PLASTICS etc. BALL:STAINLESS STEEL, GLASS, CERAMICS, TITANIUM, PLASTICS etc. SEATS:TEFLON, NATURAL RUBBER, GRAPHITE etc.

CHARACTERISED TYPE

CHARACTERISED TYPE DESIGN PARAMETERS SIZE AND DESIGN PRESSURE : SEGMENTED BALL: 50mm TO 600mm IN ANSI CLASS 150; TO 400mm IN ANSI CLASS 300; TO 300mm IN ANSI CLASS 600 SIZE AND DESIGN PRESSURE : SEGMENTED BALL: 50mm TO 600mm IN ANSI CLASS 150; TO 400mm IN ANSI CLASS 300; TO 300mm IN ANSI CLASS 600 DESIGN TEMPERATURE: - 46 TO 149 O C, WITH SPECIAL UNIT AVAILABLE FROM CRYOGENIC TO 538 O C DESIGN TEMPERATURE: - 46 TO 149 O C, WITH SPECIAL UNIT AVAILABLE FROM CRYOGENIC TO 538 O C CAPACITY: STANDARD BALL:C V =30d 2 TO C V =45d 2, FULL BORE BALL: C V =35d 2 TO C V =100d 2 CAPACITY: STANDARD BALL:C V =30d 2 TO C V =45d 2, FULL BORE BALL: C V =35d 2 TO C V =100d 2 MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION: BODY,BALL, SEAL RING AND SHAFT ARE AVAILABLE 316 STAINLESS STEEL. CHROME PLATING AVAILABLE FOR BALL CARBON STEEL FOR VALVE BODIES. ALL CERAMIC VALVES ARE AVAILABLE MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION: BODY,BALL, SEAL RING AND SHAFT ARE AVAILABLE 316 STAINLESS STEEL. CHROME PLATING AVAILABLE FOR BALL CARBON STEEL FOR VALVE BODIES. ALL CERAMIC VALVES ARE AVAILABLE

BALL AND CAGE TYPE

BALL AND CAGE TYPE DESIGN PARAMETERS SIZE AND DESIGN PRESSURE : 6.3mm TO 350mm UPTO 17MPa SIZE AND DESIGN PRESSURE : 6.3mm TO 350mm UPTO 17MPa DESIGN TEMPERATURE: -254 TO 982 O C DESIGN TEMPERATURE: -254 TO 982 O C CAPACITY: C V =20d 2 (NON-CRITICAL FLOW) CAPACITY: C V =20d 2 (NON-CRITICAL FLOW) MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION: STAINLESS STEEL MATERIAL OF CONSTRUCTION: STAINLESS STEEL

INSTALLATION OF BALL VALVES BALL VALVES CAN BE MOUNTED ON PIPELINES IN THREE WAYS FLANGED END FLANGED END SCREWED END SCREWED END SOCKET WELD END SOCKET WELD END

FLANGED END

SCREWED END

SOCKET WELD END

BALL VALVE GEOMETRY

If geometry of a quarter of the ball valve is considered for particular ball valve open angle (  ), the actual flow area is intersection of circular main line and projection of the open end of the ball. The main line is always circular and projected area of the ball is always an ellipse with shifting centre. The shape of the ellipse changes from a line, with zero semi- minor axis for no-flow situation, to a circle for unrestricted flow passage. The intersection point of these circles and ellipse subtends an angle  and  at the centre of the circle respectively as shown in figure.

The actual flow area is bounded by two curves, each of which is an arc of circle and ellipse. The different angles are connected by following relations: Cos  = Cos  / ( 1+Sin  )………(1) Tan  = (Cos  -Cos  ) / Sin  …….(2) The value of ,  and  varies from 0° to 90° for no-flow to full flow situations. If an non dimensional flow area f is defined as fraction of full flow area opened by a typical ball valve open angle , f can expressed in terms of different angles by relation given below. f = [  - sin  Cos  +  Sin (  /2) -  Sin  -( Sin  Sin2  )/2] / ......(3) -( Sin  Sin2  )/2] / ......(3)

The fractional flow area f is plotted against ball valve open angle  as shown in figure

ADVANTAGES Less resistance i.e. free flow Less resistance i.e. free flow It can operate with high viscous fluid even in solid slushy gypsum where as other valve could not be operated. It can operate with high viscous fluid even in solid slushy gypsum where as other valve could not be operated. It has only less spare parts and easy maintenance also. It has only less spare parts and easy maintenance also. It can close or open very fastly in any emergency situations especially in petroleum products where as other valves like gate, globe, plug will take more time and that will cause accident. It can close or open very fastly in any emergency situations especially in petroleum products where as other valves like gate, globe, plug will take more time and that will cause accident. Ball valves can be widely used because of their low cost, compactness, wide range of size, least effort in operation and unrestricted flow area at full operation. Ball valves can be widely used because of their low cost, compactness, wide range of size, least effort in operation and unrestricted flow area at full operation. It has least maintenance compared to other types of valves. It has least maintenance compared to other types of valves. It is not generally used for throttling purposes but can regulate flow area, also. Although flow through the valve is generally expressed in terms of flow co-efficient, flow regulation is achieved by the cross-sectional opening of the valves. It is not generally used for throttling purposes but can regulate flow area, also. Although flow through the valve is generally expressed in terms of flow co-efficient, flow regulation is achieved by the cross-sectional opening of the valves.

APPLICATIONS In all domestic services like heating and sanitation in large building such as hospitals and schools in district heating works on distributors, filter plants, in long distance pipe lines. In all domestic services like heating and sanitation in large building such as hospitals and schools in district heating works on distributors, filter plants, in long distance pipe lines. In LPG tank farms In LPG tank farms In steel works e.g. in cooling systems for blast furnaces In steel works e.g. in cooling systems for blast furnaces In paper making industry: digesters, washing and bleaching plants for fibrous, viscous and also highly aggressive media. In paper making industry: digesters, washing and bleaching plants for fibrous, viscous and also highly aggressive media. In paint and varnish factories, in proportioning mixing and regulating plants. In paint and varnish factories, in proportioning mixing and regulating plants. In hydro carbon processing industries. In hydro carbon processing industries. Filling stations for petrol, oils, solvents etc. Filling stations for petrol, oils, solvents etc. In plastic industries. In plastic industries. In aircraft fuel line. In aircraft fuel line.

CONCLUSION The geometrical analysis of ball valve is a useful tool for fluid flow rate determination. The mass flow rate matching to actual mass flow rate establishes the relevance of the analysis. The ball valve open angle can be automated as per flow rate requirement, using analysis.

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