Review for Science Final.. Electromagnetic Waves Energy is not a substance that has mass and volume. We know that energy exists because of its effect.

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Presentation transcript:

Review for Science Final.

Electromagnetic Waves Energy is not a substance that has mass and volume. We know that energy exists because of its effect on matter (the things around us). Light is a form of electromagnetic energy and creates vibrations in the form of waves..

Physical Properties of Matter Physical properties can be observed without changing the identity of the substance: -Color - Smell - Hardness - Luster - Phases of matter (solid/liquid/gas)

Physical Properties of Matter Mass – the amount of matter in an object If the ice melts, is there still the same amount of mass in the glass?.

Physical Properties of Matter Volume – the amount of space taken up by an object. - mL for liquids - cm³ for solids.

Physical Properties of Matter Density – the amount of mass in a certain volume of material. -Find the mass -Find the volume -Divide the mass by the volume Density (g/cm³) = mass (g) volume (cm³) What instruments could be used to find the density of the cube?

Physical Properties of Matter Density of liquids: Some liquids float on others forming layers. Which is denser, karo syrup or vegetable oil?.

Physical Changes A physical change is a change in size, shape or state without forming a new substance.

Physical Changes State of matter: Add heat: particles move faster and spread apart - solid > liquid > gas Take away heat: particles slow down and move closer together - solid < liquid < gas

Elements and Atoms An element is a substance that cannot be broken down any further into anything simpler. Atoms are the smallest particle of an element that have the same chemical properties as the element.

Chemical Changes A chemical change is a change in matter that produces a new substance with different properties from the original. Rust is iron oxide: iron + oxygen = rust.

Chemical Changes A compound is a chemical combination of two or more substances. Sugar is composed of the elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C 12 H 22 O 11 Carbonic acid is also composed of the elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

DO NOW Which of the following graphs shows how the temperatures of the two cups of water most likely changed over 30 minutes?.

Temperature and Heat: Energy Energy = the ability to move matter Any moving object has energy – Molecules – Cars – Balls – Bikes – A swung baseball bat

Moving Molecules Produce Heat Molecules move The average kinetic energy determines how hot or cold a material is…its temperature..

Two Kinds of energy: Kinetic and Potential.

Kinetic Energy The energy of any moving object – A speeding roller coaster dropping down a hill.

Potential Energy Energy stored in an object or material. – Moving an object upwards against gravity. A roller coaster climbing up to the next drop.

Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy

Heat Energy flows between two objects because they have different temperatures. Heat is a form of energy. Energy will flow from a hotter object to a cooler one and continue to flow until the objects are the same temperature..

Radiation, Conduction and Convection Radiation – The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves. Conduction – The movement of energy through direct contact. Convection – The transfer of energy by the flow of a liquid or gas..

Electricity and Magnetism Static Electricity: when electrons move from one place to another and cause a buildup of an electrical charge.

Electricity and Magnetism Conductor: A material through which electricity flows easily - metals, water, humans Insulator: A material through which heat or electricity does not flow easily – rubber, wood, plastic

Electricity and Magnetism Open circuit: a circuit that has a gap, so electrons cannot flow. Close circuit: a circuit that has no gap, so electrons can flow.

Electricity and Magnetism Magnet: any object that attracts or repels other magnets, and also attracts metal objects made of iron, cobalt or nickel.

Speed and Distance Average speed = distance ÷ time 3000 m ÷ 15 min = 200m/min.