PC Support & Repair Chapter 5 Operating Systems Part 2

Objectives After completing this chapter, students will meet these objectives: ▫ Identify and apply common preventive maintenance techniques for operating systems ▫ Compare & contrast backup methods ▫ Setup Virtual PC & describe its uses ▫ Troubleshoot operating systems

Disk Defragmenter Data saved on first available spot on HD ▫ Individual files can be broken up and saved all over the drive Defrag tries to bring those parts closer together for faster file access DO NOT DEFRAG SSD

Disk Error-Checking (CHKDSK) Checks integrity of files & folders Tries to repair them Right-click on drive, Properties, Tools Use 1x/month

System Info Accessories > System Tools > System Information Software, drivers, hardware configurations, and computer components

Project Perform Defrag & CHKDSK on lab computer Check & export system information

Review- 3Q What tool checks the hard drive’s files & folders for integrity? ▫ CHKDSK A file that you access, edit, and save on a daily basis has become slow to load. What tool could speed that up and how does it work? ▫ Defragmenter, brings parts of the file closer together What is an easy way to access both of these tools? ▫ Right-click on the drive, Properties, Tools

Review- 4Q If a partition is active, then it must be what kind of partition? ▫ Primary How many partitions can be active? ▫1▫1 The OS uses the active partition to do what? ▫ Boot the system When making changes, you see many pop-up messages asking if it’s ok to do the change. What’s this called & what can you do to stop this? ▫ UAC; lower the settings in the User Account in CP

Remote Connection Easily assist someone else Accessories > Remote Desktop Connection 1 st - enable it Invite with password Get help Help Someone

Project Remote Assistance Lab

What is Virtualization? Physical machine that uses resources to host a virtual one ▫ Can boot & run another OS ▫ Runs independent from running OS Example: Windows 7 machine hosts a virtual one with XP installed. ▫ Could then run XP programs

How Does This Work? Hypervisor (or VMM) software manages it ▫ Can run multiple virtual machines on one PC  Each virtual machine runs its own OS ▫ Allocates resources for each virtual machine Type 1 Native ▫ Runs directly on hardware Type 2 Hosted ▫ Hosted by the OS ▫ Windows Virtual PC

Windows Virtual PC Can download from Microsoft Must run a licensed copy OS in each Virtual PC Need to run XP only programs in Windows 7? ▫ Windows XP Mode (in Pro, Enterprise, Ultimate) ▫ Download Virtual PC ▫ Select XP Mode in Start Menu to run the software Virtual Machines can get viruses!

Virtual PC Requirements

Project Lab Install Virtual PC

Review- 3Q Virtual PC is what Type? ▫ Type 2 What does Type 2 mean? ▫ It’s hosted by the OS You’d like to test how a virus attacks a system. What setup would you use to test it without affecting your normal OS & the network? ▫ Set up Virtualization

Plan to Maintain the OS Overview Automate tasks ▫ Hard drive backup ▫ Hard drive defragmentation & cleanup ▫ Updates to the OS and applications ▫ Updates to antivirus and other protective software ▫ Hard drive error checking Perform regularly & when it doesn’t disrupt normal business

Plan to Maintain the OS Security ▫ Install antivirus & malware protection ▫ Perform regular scans  Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool ▫ Make sure these programs startup when Windows starts Device Drivers ▫ Check for new drivers regularly ▫ Problems? Roll Back Driver

Plan to Maintain the OS OS Updates ▫ Install manually or automatically ▫ Multiple updates in one are Service Packs ▫ Set a Restore Point & backup data b4 installing SP Firmware Updates ▫ Fix issues not available in driver updates ▫ May increase speed of device, add new features, etc.

Schedule the Tasks Automate the maintenance tasks to perform: ▫ Disk cleanup ▫ Backup ▫ Disk defragmenter ▫ Restore point ▫ Starting other applications Under System Tools in Start Menu

Project Lab Schedule a Task

How to Create a Restore Point Restore system to a previous date/time Create a restore point before making changes to system Under System Tools, System Restore

Project Lab Use System Restore Tool

Backup Your Hard Drive Normal Backup (Full Backup) ▫ All selected files on the disk are backed up ▫ All files always backed up each time ▫ Time consuming Differential Backup ▫ Backs up all changes since the last full backup ▫ Cumulative of all changes since last backup  All the differences since the last full backup ▫ Restore= last full & differential

Backup Your Hard Drive Incremental Backup ▫ Backs up all changes since the last full or incremental backup ▫ Restore= last full & all incremental in order ▫ Faster than differential Daily Backup ▫ Only backs up the files that are modified on the day of the backup

Comparing Backups

Types of Backups Description Clear marker Normal Selected files and foldersYes Differential Selected files and folders that changed since the last backup No Incremental Selected files and folders that changed since the last backup Yes Daily Selected files and folders that changed during the day No

Backup Media Tape Drives Flash Drive Optical Media ▫ DVD External HD ▫ eSATA fastest

What Should You Do for a Virus? A virus has infected your PC & it doesn’t boot Should you… ▫ Restore with an incremental backup? ▫ Restore with a differential backup? ▫ Restore with a full & incremental backup? ▫ Restore with a full & differential backup? ▫ Restore with a system image prior to the virus?

Review- 4Q What does a restore point contain? ▫ Info about settings & registry What does a restore point NOT contain? ▫ User data files Which backup takes the longest to do? ▫ Normal (Full) Which backup saves the changes since the last full backup? ▫ Differential

Need to Run an XP Program? Compatibility Mode ▫ In Vista/7 ▫ Allows program to run as if it was on an earlier OS  An XP only program can run in Vista/y  Use if you don’t have Virtual PC

Common Problems OS Locks Up What’s wrong? What can you check? OS Locks Up What’s wrong? What can you check? New Gaming Keyboard Doesn’t Respond What’s wrong? What can you check? New Gaming Keyboard Doesn’t Respond What’s wrong? What can you check? OS Won’t Start What’s wrong? What can you check? OS Won’t Start What’s wrong? What can you check? BOOTMGR Missing What’s wrong? What can you check? BOOTMGR Missing What’s wrong? What can you check? Device Didn’t Start What’s wrong? What can you check? Device Didn’t Start What’s wrong? What can you check? BSoD What’s wrong? What can you check? BSoD What’s wrong? What can you check? Win 7 Aero Not Working What’s wrong? What can you check? Win 7 Aero Not Working What’s wrong? What can you check? New Sound Card Doesn’t Work What’s wrong? What can you check? New Sound Card Doesn’t Work What’s wrong? What can you check? PC continuously reboots What’s wrong? What can you check? PC continuously reboots What’s wrong? What can you check?

Review- 2Q What key do you press to get into Safe Mode? ▫ F8 Your display is garbled because of installing the wrong video driver. What startup mode should be used to download a new video driver from the manufacturer? ▫ Safe Mode with Networking

Review- 4Q What checks file integrity in Windows XP/Vista/7? ▫ Chkdsk Which backup is the slowest because all data & files are put on the media? ▫ Normal/Full What can you do to help reduce repair costs and increase reliability of your computers? ▫ Preventive maintenance plan You downloaded a new driver that is not functioning correctly. What can you do? ▫ Roll back the driver to the old one

Summary This chapter introduced computer operating systems. As a technician, you should be skilled at installing, configuring, and troubleshooting an OS. The following concepts from this chapter are important to remember: Several different operating systems are available, and you must consider the customer’s needs and environment when choosing an OS. The main steps in setting up a customer’s computer include preparing the hard drive, installing the OS, creating user accounts, and configuring installation options. A GUI shows icons of all files, folders, and applications on the computer. A pointing device, such as a mouse, is used to navigate in a GUI desktop. A CLI uses commands to complete tasks and navigate the file system.

Summary You should establish a backup strategy that allows for the recovery of data. Normal, copy, differential, incremental, and daily backups are all optional backup tools available in Windows operating systems. With a virtual machine manager, system resources on a host computer can be allocated to run virtual machines. Virtual machines run operating systems, and using them can provide users with greater system functionality. Preventive maintenance techniques help to ensure optimal performance of the OS. Some of the tools available for troubleshooting an OS problem include administrative tools, system tools, and CLI commands.

PC Support & Repair Chapter 5 Operating Systems Part 2