Presented By: PRATYUSH MISHRA E.C. Final Year

OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode An OLED is any light emitting diode (LED) in which emissive electroluminescent layer is film of organic compounds.

First successfully created by Ching Tang and Steve Van Slyke in 1987 at Kodak Labs. First tests – very efficient, simple to make Showed potential for displays

 First developed in the early 1950s in France  In 1960s - AC-driven electroluminescent cells was developed  In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first OLED  In 1990 electroluminescence in polymers was discovered.

 SUBSTRATE  ANODE  CONDUCTING LAYER  EMISSIVE LAYER  CATHODE

1. Voltage applied across Cathode and Anode 1. Typically 2V-10V 2. Current flows from cathode to anode 1. Electrons flow to emissive layer 2. Electrons removed from conductive layer leaving holes 3. Holes jump into emissive layer 3. Electron and hole combine and light emitted

Passive-matrix OLED Active-matrix OLED Transparent OLED Top-emitting OLED Foldable OLED White OLED

Perpendicular cathode/anode strip orientation Light emitted at intersection (pixels) External circuitry Turns on/off pixels External circuitry Large power consumption Used on 1-3 inch screens Alphanumeric displays

Full layers of cathode, anode, organic molecules Thin Film Transistor matrix (TFT) on top of anode Internal circuitry to determine which pixels to turn on/off Less power consumed then PMOLED Used for larger displays

Transparent substrate, cathode and anode Bi-direction light emission Passive or Active Matrix OLED Useful for heads-up display Transparent projector screen glasses

Non-transparent or reflective substrate Transparent Cathode Used with Active Matrix Device Smart card displays

Flexable metalic foil or plastic substrate Lightweight and durable Clothing OLED

Emits bright white light Replace fluorescent lights Reduce energy cost for lighting

Much faster response time Consume significantly less energy Able to display "True Black" picture Thinner display Better contrast ratio Safer for the environment OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs New design concepts for interior lighting

Cost to manufacture is high Easily damaged by water Limited market availability Not as easy as changing a light bulb

Manufacturers focusing on finding a cheap way to produce o "Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing Increasing efficiency of blue luminance

TVs Cell Phone screens Computer Screens Keyboards (Optimus Maximus) Lights Portable Device displays

Released XEL-1 in February First OLED TV sold in stores. 11'' screen, 3mm thin Weighs approximately 1.9 kg Wide 178 degree viewing angle Sony

Small OLED screen on every key 113 OLED screens total Each key can be programmed to perform a series of functions Keys can be linked to applications Display notes, numerals, special symbols, HTML codes, etc...

Lighting Flexible / bendable lighting Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space Transparent lighting doubles as a window Cell Phones Nokia 888

Transparent Car Navigation System on Windshield Using Samsungs' transparent OLED technology Scroll Laptop Nokia concept OLED Laptop

ml#keep-your-eye-on-flexible-displays-coming-soon ng_market/