SIX KINGDOMS All Living Things 6 Kingdom Introduction Video Video Introduction Video Introduction (Classification Video) Classification Review Video

1700s Carolus Linnaeus In the 1700s, a man named Carolus Linnaeus changed the way we classify living things. Carolus Linnaeus is called the father of taxonomy.

1700s Carolus Linnaeus Linnaeus developed a 7 level grouping system. The most general level was called kingdoms, and the most specific was called species.

Kingdom Kingdom is the most general level of classification All living things are grouped into 6 kingdoms: Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Eubacteria Archaebacteria

1700s Carolus Linnaeus The closer you get to species, the more similar organisms are.

Kingdom Classification (How is it done?) The grouping of organisms into kingdoms is based on 3 factors: 1. Cells (number? multi-celled or uni- celled). 2. Cell Type(prokaryotic or eukaryotic) 3. Eating Type (consumer or producer)

1. Cells (number? Multi or Uni) Cell # - Whether the organisms exist as single cells or as many cells Unicellular- single celled organism Multicellular- many celled organism

Cell Number Uni-cellular Multi-cellular Euglena

2. Cell Type (Video Clip)Video Clip Cell Type- The presence or absence of cellular structures such as the nucleus, mitochondria, or a cell wall Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes

Prokaryote Cell Type DO NOT HAVE: a membrane bound nucleus any membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotic Cell Type

Eukaryotic Cell Type Eukaryotes DO HAVE: separate membrane bound nucleus other organelles

Eukaryotic Cell Type

Eukaryotic/Prokaryotic Side by Side Comparison

3. Feeding Type 3. Feeding Type - How the organisms get their food –Autotroph or Producer Makes it’s own food –Heterotroph or Consumer Must eat other organisms to survive

There used to be only 5 kingdoms 1. Moneran 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Plantae 5. Animalia This kingdom has now been divided into 2 – archaebacteria & eubacteria

6 Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Archaebacteria also known as bacteria 1. Uni - Celled 2. Prokaryotic 3. Producer and Consumer Could be 3 billion years old. Thermophiles Methanogens (Methane Makers) Halophiles Psychrophiles (cold lovers)

Kingdom Eubacteria E. Coli (Rod Shaped) Streptococcus (Spherical Shaped) Spirilla (Spiral Shaped) 1. Uni-celled 2. Prokaryotic 3. Producer and Consumer Clostridium botulinum (Botulism) Salmonella typhus

Kingdom Protista 1. Uni-celled 2. Eukaryotic 3. Producer and Consumer Amoeba (animal like protist) Euglena (plant like protist) Slime Mold (Fungus like protist)

Some Protist Caused Diseases

Kingdom Fungi Multi-celled and Single-celled Eukaryotes Eukaryotic Producer and Consumer Bread Mold (thread-like fungi) Yeast Fungi (sac- fungi) Mushroom Fungi (Club Fungi) Lichens (algae and fungi)

Kingdom Plantae

Phyla (Divisions of Plants) 4 important plant groups are the: Mosses (Bryophytes) Conifers (Gymnosperms) Ferns (Pteridophytes) Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

Kingdom Animalia 1. Multi-celled 2. Eukaryotic 3. Consumer Multi-celled Eukaryotes that are heterotrophic. They are very complex and specialized. Divided at least 9 Invertebrate phyla and 1Vertebrate phylum.

Kingdom Animalia Invertebrates 9 Major Phyla No backbone or skull 97% of all animals are invertebrates. Scientists have identified about 1 million species of invertebrates so far, but estimate there are a lot more. Vertebrates 1 Major Phyla (Chordata) 5 Classes Fish, Birds, Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians Have backbone and skull. At some point in their life all vertebrates (chordates) have a notocord (flexible rod that gives support) and a hollow nerve cord (spinal cord)

Invertebrate Animal 9 Major Phyla We classify animals by looking at several characteristics. These characteristics include the type of body plan, the presence or absence of a head, digestion type. Invertebrates have two basic types of symmetry. Bilateral = a body with two similar halves. Radial = a body that is arranged in a circle around a central point. See page 29 Animals book Green Holt Science Book

Vertebrate Animals Vertebrates are divided into classes Mammal Bird Fish Reptile Amphibian

Animals Can’t make their own food Multicelled Have cell membrane and nucleus

So, like, how many kinds of living things are there? This website will give you examples of organisms in the five kingdoms and about how many different kinds of species there arewebsite Summary Video