Chapter 3 Celina Biado

 Word-search activity

 Upon completion of this chapter students will be able to…  Understand the importance of the Gallaudet protest.  Explain the difference between Oralism and ASL  Discuss mainstreaming and why some deaf people perceive this as a threat.

 Golden Rule  Be on time  Have FUN through learning  Be prepared  Participate

 Gallaudet University, a university for the deaf, student body and alumni protest.  Deaf President. Deaf Power. Roar for rebellion.  Deafness was not a disability, but a culture.  Celebrate differences. Their disability will always matter.

Jane Bassett Spilman Chairwoman of Gallauet’s board of trustees Elizabeth Zinser

 Martha’s Vineyard first deaf resident, Jonathan Lambert (1694)  Citizens lived similar lives. Deafness was ordinary, not a sickness.  19 th century  1 in 25 residents in Chilmark was deaf.  1 in 4 in another neighborhood

Laurent ClercThomas Hopkins Gallaudet

Gardiner Greene Hubbard Mabel Gardiner Hubbard Alexander Graham Bell

 Oralism: Universal teaching method for the deaf to communicate using speech and lip reading rather than sign language.  1880, International Congress of Educators of the Deaf, in Milan.  Mastered by those who became deaf after already having language.  Educators insisted teaching oralism, deaf students’ academic achievement decreased.

 Cued Speech, 1966, used 14 handshapes formed near the mouth to signal a speech- reader the sound being made, in order to distinguish similarly formed words.  Total Communication, 1970s, combination of speech and signed English.  Sim Com, requires teachers to sign and speak simultaneously.

 ASL – American Sign Language. Used in 1850s, taught at American Asylum for the Deaf.  More effective. Students were equally literate as their hearing peers.  Not English, but has its own syntax and grammar.  Separate language that belongs to people who are deaf at birth or before they learn to speak.  Deaf babies using ASL can sign the same amount of words as hearing babies by the age of 5.  Rarely taught today. Most teachers use a signed version of English.

 Eugenics: Suggested laws to forbid intermarriage of deaf-mutes.  Strong advocate for the deaf and believed in mainstreaming.  NO to separate language and culture.  Disabled people instinctively understood, prejudice cut deepest when it came from the charitable, not from the most bigoted.

 Group up and read about one of the following people. Discuss their ideas and its significance for the deaf movement.  Judy Heumann pg. 101  Robert Funk pg. 103