Gerund and Infinitive V ing and To + V I want go. I enjoy learn English here I want to go I enjoy learning English here

Verbs followed by BARE INFINITIVE

make Make, let, have + bare infinitive: He made me move my car. They let him see the documents I had him finish the work by 5  Active: Have somebody do something  passive: have something done

Help + O + (to) V He helped us (to) push the car. She helped me (to) carry the bags.

Verb followed by TO INFINITIVE

Agree Appear Arrange Attempt Ask Choose Dare Decide Demand Deserve Expect Fail Grow Hasten Happen Hope Hurry Learn Long Manage Neglect Offer Pay Plan Pretend Promise Refuse Seem Struggle Want Wish

Verb followed by the infinitive Agree Ask Decide Learn Plan Pretend Promise Seem Want Wish Advise Encourage Invite teach Ask = tell Get Order Remind Help

To + Inf V + to inf She had agreed to let us use her flat. I decided not to go out for the evening. AgreeDecide LearnPlan PretendPromise SeemWant Wish V + O + to inf I asked her to explain. I could get someone else to do it. I didn't want him to go. AdviseEncourage Inviteteach Ask = tellGet OrderRemind Wanthelp

Verbs followed by gerund

admit keep ( = continue) anticipate loathe appreciate mean (= involve) avoid mind consider miss defer pardon delay postpone deny practise detest prevent dislike propose(= suggest) dread recollect enjoy remember (= recollect) escape resent excuse resist fancy (= imagine) risk finish forgive stop ( = cease) imagine suggest involve understand Feel like Spend (time/money)

He admitted taking the money. Avoid over-eating. Would you consider selling the house? He detests writing letters. She dreads getting old. Do you enjoy teaching? He narrowly escaped being run over. Fancy meeting you! He kept complaining. I can't understand his/him leaving his wife. I couldn't help laughing. It's no good/use arguing.

Verbs taking infinitive or gerund without change of meaning

begin, start, continue, cease V+ to inf / Ving: No difference in meaning I began working./I began to work. He continued living/to live above the shop. She never ceased complaining/to complain about prices. But: when V is in progressive tenses  Ving + to inf. I am beginning to understand/see/realize why he acted as he did. It is starting raining  it is starting to rain

advise, allow, permit, recommend V + O + to inf He advised me to apply at once. She recommends housewives to buy the big tins. They don't allow us to park here. V + Ving He advised applying at once. She recommends buying the big tins. They don't allow parking here.

regret, remember, forget V +Ving : the gerund action is the earlier action I regret spending too much money = I'm sorry I spent so much money I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers forget + Ving: when forget is in the negative, often used after will never forget: I'll never forget meeting the president V + to inf : when regret, remember, forget themselves express the earlier action I regret to say that you have failed your exam. I remembered to lock/I didn't forget to lock the door

feel, hear, see and watch I heard him lock the door. I saw/watched him drive off. I saw him watching TV last night. I can feel something moving in the bag.

Verbs taking infinitive or gerund with a change of meaning

mean mean + Ving: 'involve' (used only with an impersonal subject) He is determined to get a seat even if it means standing in a queue all night. mean + to inf: 'intend’ I mean to get to the top by sunrise. I didn’t mean to hurt your feeling

Go on go on + Ving: 'continue’ when the speaker continues talking about the same topic. He went on talking about his accident go on + to inf: ‘continue’ when the speaker introduces a new aspect of a topic, usually of a verb like explain, talk, tell… He talked about her misfortunes. Then, he went on to talk about his accident.

stop stop + Ving :cease I can't stop him talking to the press. I stopped smoking stop + to inf: halt I stopped to ask the way. (I stopped in order to ask the way.) I stopped to smoke.

try try + to inf: attempt to do sth They tried to put wire netting all round the garden. (They attempted to do this.) try +Ving: 'make the experiment’ They tried putting wire netting all round the garden.

The expressions followed by gerund. can't help it's no use/good can't stand it's worth Be busy Ex: I can't stand waiting for hours. I can't help laughing. It's no use working so late. Is the film worth seeing? I’m busy doing nothing

Have fun Have a good/hard time Have trouble/ difficulty Spend/waste + time/money Sit/ stand/lie + place We had fun playing soccer. We had a good time playing soccer We have trouble/difficulty finding his house. He spends/wastes a lot of time/money playing games He sits/stands/lies there writing a letter

To + Ving I look forward to going to the beach every summer. She objects to speeding. I am opposed to carrying a gun He resorts to calling his friends for help. I am/ got used/accustomed to driving on the left admit

adjective/adverb + enough + to infinitive I’m old enough to go into the army. He isn’t old enough to go into the army. I ran fast enough to pass the physical. She didn’t run fast enough to pass the physical. to give a reason

Notes… too comes before the adjective or adverb enough comes after the adjective or adverb and before the noun sometimes we use for + noun/pronoun before the infinitive you don’t need the infinitive when the meaning is clear.

1. She has enough money to go to university. 2.The car is cheap enough for us to afford. 3.The opportunity is too good for you to miss. 4.It’s too late to stop. 5.She is old enough to stay out late 6.It’s early enough to come. 7.The music was too slow to beat