History GCSE A971/11 – June 12th 2012 “Paper 1” Examination

This is the code for your exam, you will need to write it on your answer book. These are the topics you will have studied for A971. If you use extra paper you must remember to fill in all your details and attach it to your booklet. Read these instructions carefully. Fill in all the correct details and remember to write in black pen. You have studied The Cold War (Section B). Only answer questions from this section!!!! Ignore Section A and C!!!!! You do not have to answer all the questions. Read this carefully and make sure that you understand which questions to answer. Plan your time carefully: the amount of time you spend on each question should be proportionate to the number of marks it is worth.

The exam lasts two hours and is divided into two parts In Part 1, turn to Section B (Cold War ) (ignore Sections A and C!) There will be a two part question (Question 1) worth a total of 15 marks, this will consist of a cartoon and a follow question on either the Origins of the Cold War, the Cuban Missile Crisis or the Vietnam War. You must answer both parts. (15 minutes) You will then have a choice of three part questions (Questions 2 or 3) worth 20 marks, answer all three parts of one question. You cannot choose to do a mixture. (35 minutes). These questions will be on the topics not covered in Question 1. Therefore after 50 minutes you should have answered either Questions 1 and 2 or 1 and 3 from Section B (The Cold War). In Part 2: Germany Depth Study, answer Question 4 – three source questions (worth 20 marks) and one other question (Questions 5 or 6 - all three parts (worth 20 marks) (70 minutes). Therefore by the end of the exam you will have answered 4 questions (all parts). Either 1,2,4 and 5; 1,3,4 and 5; 1,2,4 and 6 or 1,3, 4 and 6.

PART 1 – Section B The Cold War Question 1a – Explaining a source (cartoon) This should be worth 7 marks. Remember to use the source and your own specific knowledge to explain the message. One/two paragraphs should be enough. Make sure you are not answering questions on the wrong period! (i.e. Section A or C)

An American carton about the Marshall plan, published in Source A 1 (a) Study Source A. What is the message of this cartoon? Use details of the cartoon and your knowledge to explain your answer. [7]

7 Mark Answer ‘The message is that Europe needs help from the USA. Western Europe is shown as an old, falling-down house. American aid on the other side of the fence is shown as the support needed to keep the house up.’ Europe was exhausted and poor after the Second World War. In these conditions it was thought Communism would flourish and so Truman decided the USA would offer help to stop the spread of Communism.’

Question 1b – Explaining an event This should be worth 8 marks. Explain what happened with three good reasons. REMEMBER THE RULE OF THREE!

(b) Explain why the Soviet Union blockaded West Berlin in [8] What caused it? [CABAN] Cold War was just getting started (e.g. Czechoslovakia, March 1948) Czechoslovakia Aims Stalin wanted to destroy Germany – Britain and the USA wanted to rebuild Germany. Bizonia The Russians were taking German machinery back to the USSR. In January 1947, Britain and the USA joined their two zones together to try to get German industry going. They called the new zone Bi-zonia (‘two zones’). American Aid Congress voted for Marshall Aid on 31 March Immediately, the Russians started searching all road and rail traffic into Berlin. Marshall Aid New Currency On 1 June, America and France announced that they wanted to create the new country of West Germany; and on 23 June they introduced a new currency into ‘Bizonia’ and western Berlin. The next day the Russians stopped all road and rail traffic into Berlin. The Soviet Union saw the 1948 Berlin crisis as an attempt to undermine Soviet influence in eastern Germany; Stalin said he was defending the east German economy against the new currency, which was ruining it. The western powers said Stalin was trying to force them out of Berlin.

Question 2 or 3 a – Description This is worth only 4 marks!!! Make 4/5 brief points then move on!

Question 2/3a examples 2a What happened in the Bay of Pigs invasion of 1961? [4] 3a Who were the Vietcong? [4] You will get a mark for every relevant detail and supporting point.

Question 2/3b – Explaining an event This should be worth 6 marks. Explain what happened with three good reasons. REMEMBER THE RULE OF THREE!

Examples 2b) Explain why Khrushchev sent missiles to Cuba in [6] 3b) Explain why the USA became involved in Vietnam. [6]

Question 2/3c – Explaining and analysing an event This should be worth 10 marks! Explain what happened with three good reasons + a detailed conclusion REMEMBER THE RULE OF THREE! PS. If asked to agree or disagree with a statement that your answer is a balanced one!

An example question Which was more important in bringing about the USA’s failure in Vietnam: the military tactics of the Vietcong or public opinion in the USA? Explain your answer (10 marks).

An example answer ‘I think the tactics of the Vietcong were more important because the Americans could not cope with the Vietcong who would hide in the villagers and the Americans could not tell who was a villager and who was a guerrilla. The Vietcong knew the countryside well and could launch surprise attacks and then disappear. This was why the Americans were loosing the war. Their weapons were too big and clumsy to deal with these tactics. They only made the South Vietnamese into enemies and they helped the guerrillas even more. There were big demonstrations in America against the war but most people in America still supported the war. Even if everyone in America had supported the war the American army still would not have dealt with the guerrilla tactics of the Vietcong.’ How many marks do you think this answer would get out of 10?

Section C – Germany Depth Study Now let's have a look at a typical Question 4 (There will be three of these 4a, 4b and 4c) Always explain what you can see in the source. Always explain the context in which the source was produced - i.e. use your own knowledge. (What does the source not tell you?) Again if you are asked to reach a judgement always produce a balanced answer!

Question 4 Example A Social Democrat poster published in It suggests what life will be like for women under the Nazis. Source B 4 (a) Study Source B. Why do you think this poster was published in Germany in 1931? Use the source and your knowledge to explain your answer. [7]

Question 4 Answer This source published in Germany as the Social Democrats were the Nazis main rivals. They wanted people to vote for them. The Nazis believed a woman’s place was in the home looking after her husband and children. There were elections in 1932 and this was to get votes for the Social Democrats and encourage people not to vote for the Nazi philosophy regarding women.’

Section C – Germany Depth Study Now let's have a look at a typical Question 5/6 5/6a) Only worth 4 marks! Brief description or even bullet points will do. 5/6b) Three good reasons need to be explained here! – Worth 6 marks 5/6c) Three good reasons need to be explained here! Write a conclusion - explaining links/overall judgement. Make sure your answer is balanced! Worth 10 Marks!!! REMEMBER THE RULE OF THREE !!

Question 5/6 Example 6 (a) Describe the methods used by the Nazis to deal with their opponents. [4] 6 (b) Explain why some individuals and groups opposed Nazi rule. [6] 6 (c) The following contributed to the failure of opposition to Nazi rule: (i) the methods of the SS and the Gestapo; (ii) the economic policies of the Nazis; (iii) the divisions between the different opposition groups. Which do you think was the most important? Explain your answer referring only to (i), (ii) and (iii). [10]

Question 5/6 Answers 6a) ‘They used the SA, SS and Gestapo.’ ‘Propaganda was often used.’ ‘They put opponents in concentration camps.’ ‘They used informers.’ 6b) ‘The Communists opposed Nazi rule because of the ban on trade unions and their political beliefs. Some groups, such as the Edelweiss Pirates, were anti-authority and anti-Nazi. They liked to listen to music and many gangs went looking for the Hitler Youth to beat them up.’ How many marks do you think these answers would get?

Question 5/6 Answers 6c) The Nazis were very successful at getting rid of opposition. The SS went round terrorising people into obedience. They could arrest people without trial and put them into concentration camps where people were tortured or indoctrinated. The Gestapo spied on people. They had informers everywhere and encouraged people to inform on their neighbours and children on their families. They also tapped phones. Secondly, they also promised employment and did this through the development of public works such as the building of autobahns and by the end of the 1930s Germany had a national motorway system. From 1935 conscription was applied and rearmament meant thousands of jobs in armament factories. Finally, There was a fear of Communism particularly amongst middle-class businessmen and farmers who had read about what was happening in the USSR. The Social Democratic Party made a grave mistake in thinking that German people would not fall for the Nazi promise of restoring ’old-fashioned values’. They underestimated the anger towards the Weimar Republic.’ How many marks for this answer?

REMEMBER! READ EACH QUESTION CAREFULLY! USE YOUR TIME EFFECTIVELY! BRIEFLY PLAN LONGER ANSWERS! (THE RULE OF THREE + BALANCED ANSWERS = SUCCESS!) GOOD LUCK – REMEMBER A973 (Paper 2) EXAM ON 15th JUNE! And please hand in Walsh books!!!