CHAPTER TWO Introduction of Basic Concepts

CRIME AND THE INVESTIGATOR Homicide is leading cause of death for women in the workplace and for black men years of age Are all homicides illegal? Are any justified

HOMICIDE TEXT P.33 Justifiable homicides –Affirmative Defense- defense proves Self defense Insanity Others

MURDER ALL ARE UNLAWFUL Elements of the crime A person is guilty of the crime of murder when he 1. Unlawfully 2. Takes the life 3. Of another human being 4. With malice aforethought

INVESTIGATION (P.34) 1. Did a criminal violation occur? 2. Where and what time? 3. Who was involved- planning, execution, after effects? 4Are there witnesses? 5. Is there evidence of criminal offense? 6. By what manner or method was it committed? Are there indications of guilt or non-guilt?

DESIRABLE TRAITS (P.35) Superior reasoning ability Closely related to critical thinking –1. Differentiating between fact and opinion –2. Determining cause and effect –3. Determining information accuracy and completeness –4. Recognizing logical fallacies and faulty reasoning –5. Dev. inferential skills deductive/inductive

DEDUCTIVE REASONING Deductive forms a general conclusion prior to all the facts. –Inv. considers the emerging facts to test his reasoning (Forms a hypothesis) –Expected outcome –Educated guess –ALWAYS LET YOUR EVIDENCE LEAD YOUR HYPOTHESIS

INDUCTIVE REASONING Waiting on all the evidence to have been secured before committing to a conclusion Use a combination- do not wait on all the evidence if a deductive explanation can be made. ALWAYS LET YOUR EVIDENCE LEAD YOUR HYPOTHESIS

CRIME IS LIKE A PUZZLE You may not have all the pieces. You do not know how many pieces there are. You certainly do not know what the puzzle will look like when it is completed. GATHER ALL THE EVIDENCE THERE IS Never think there is evidence you do not need! GET IT ALL!!

INVESTIGATIVE TRAITS(p38) Intuition Observational skills Organizational ability Legal knowledge (May be most significant) Cultural understanding Wide range of interests

INVESTIGATOR ETHICS “THE PRACTICAL, NORMATIVE STUDY OF THE RIGHTNESS OR WRONGNESS OF HUMAN CONDUCT” DO THE RIGHT THING THE RIGHT WAY AT THE RIGHT TIME FOR THE RIGHT REASON

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS Resists the common temptations in cases. Believe a suspect guilty 1. Fabricate evidence 2. Justify actions to arrest particular person- child molester or drug dealer 3. Constant exposure to victims and criminals causes stress Ethical attitude is fundamental

INVESTIGATOR TYPES (41) POLICE INVESTIGATOR Assignment by specialization, Case load, Case priority PUBLIC INVESTIGATOR Public defender, coroner, Adm. agencies PRIVATE INVESTIGATOR Serves private parties, civil, criminal