Chapter 13 Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 Once children can walk without support, they can use their hands to explore their world.  Improved eye‒hand and eye‒foot coordination  New skills:  Overarm throwing  One- and two-handed catching  Striking objects (with bats or racquets)  Dribbling  Kicking Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 Phases:  Preparatory phase  Execution phase  Follow-through phase  Stages:  See Wild (1938).  Movement progresses from an anterior‒ posterior plane to a horizontal plane.  The base of support changes from a stationary to a shifting position. Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 From this:  To this:  And finally to this: Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers See Figure 13.2 for full details of each stage. This and all similar images are used with permission of Dr. John Haubenstricker.

 60% of boys exhibited the most-mature throwing pattern at 63 months (slightly past 5 years of age).  60% of girls exhibited the most-mature throwing pattern at 102 months (about 8.5 years).  Both genders show annual improvement in throwing for distance and accuracy. Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 Instruction and instructional cues  Ball size  Kinematic constraints  Gender differences Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 How do you think the phrase “You throw like a girl” originated?  If you are a female pitcher, how would you react to someone who said this to you? Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 Does the expression on this boy’s face seem familiar? Were you ever nervous or afraid when a ball was thrown in your direction? How did you overcome that fear?  How would you help a 6-year-old girl or boy to overcome a fear of catching a ball? Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 Little process-oriented research into developmental stages  Child’s first attempts are passive  Later, an adolescent can predict a ball’s flight and make preparatory responses in advance of its arrival  Grasp: Most prominent strategy for two-handed catching  Cradle: Most prominent strategy for one-handed catching Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 From this:  To this:  And finally to this: Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers See Figure 13.4 for full details of each stage.

 Ball size  Color of ball and background  Vision and viewing time  Instruction  Knowledge and experience  Catching on the run  Catching with a glove Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 May use a body part (e.g., hand in volleyball) or an implement (e.g., bat or racquet)  Propulsion skills  Underhand or overhand  One- or two-handed

 From this:  To this:  And finally to this: Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers See Figure 13.6 for full details of each stage.

Stationary ball bouncing Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 Using one’s foot to give impetus to a ball  Place kicking  Ball is on the ground or tee  One constraint on performance is kicking distance  Punting  Striking an airborne ball with one’s foot  More complex than place kicking Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers

 From this:  To this:  And finally to this: Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers See Figure 13.8 for full details of each stage.

 From this:  To this:  And finally to this: Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers See Figure 13.9 for full details of each stage.

 The videos shown on this page demonstrate twelve different movement skills, including an overarm throw, a catch, and a two-handed strike.this page Copyright © 2016 by Holcomb Hathaway Publishers