Oku losZ{k.k Oku vfHk;kaf=dh & 2 Hkou fuekZ.k. nhoky (Wall) ou foHkkx ess rks nks ryh; Hkou ls ÅWaps Hkou curs gh ugha vr% nhoky dh eksVkbZ,d bZV dh yEckbZ.

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Presentation transcript:

Oku losZ{k.k Oku vfHk;kaf=dh & 2 Hkou fuekZ.k

nhoky (Wall) ou foHkkx ess rks nks ryh; Hkou ls ÅWaps Hkou curs gh ugha vr% nhoky dh eksVkbZ,d bZV dh yEckbZ ds cjkcj j[kuk lekU; fu;e gSA iRFkj dh nhokysa tc ijEijkxr iRFkj fpukbZ esa cukbZ tkrh gS rks mudh eksVkbZ 35 ls-eh- j[kh tkrh gS ijUrq tc iwoZ fufeZr [k.Mksa dh nhoky cukbZ tk, rk smldh eksVkbZ 20 ls-eh- j[kh tkrh gSA

fpukbZ (Masonary Work) bZaV ;k iRFkj dks tksM+us dh dyk dks fpukbZ dgrs gSA ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn eq[k ;k eksgjk (Face) & nhoky ds ckgjh ry dks eq[k ;k eksgjk dgrs gSa vkSj mlesa yxh lkexzh eksgjk lkexzh (Facing) dgykrh gSa ihV ;k i`"B (Back) & nhoky dk Hkhrjh ry ihB ;k i`"B ry dgykrk gS vkSj mlesa yxh lkexzh i`"B ry lkexzh (backing) dgykrh gSa Hkjr (Hearting) & nhoky dk e/; Hkkx tks eq[; rFkk i`"B ry ds chp esa gksrk gS] Hkjr dgykrk gSA vk/kkj ;k ry (bed) & fdlh jn~ns esa yxs iRFkjksa ;k bZVksa dk uhps dk Hkkx vk/kkj ;k ry dgykrk gSa jn~nk (Course)- iRFkj ;k bZV fpukbZ dk {kSfrt Lrj jn~nk dgykrk gSa

ikfjHkkf"kd 'kCn dze'k% lfU/k ;k tksM+ (Joint) & nks jn~nksa ;k,d jn~ns esa vxy cxy j[ks nks iRFkjksa ;k bZaVks ds chp ds LFkku dks ftlesa xkjk jgrk gS] laf/k ;k tksM+ dgrs gSaa A nks jn~nksa ds chp dk tksM+ tks Hkkj dh ledks.k fn'kk esa gksrk gS] vk/kkj ;k ry tksM+ dgykrk gSA iRFkjksa ;k bZVksa ds cxy ds tksM+] tks vk/kkj ds ledks.k ij gksrs gSA cxyh tksM+ dgykrs gSa pky (bond) & nks Øfed jn~nksa es mnxz tksM+ vlEeq[k djus rFkk bZVksa ;k iRFkjksa dks fpukbZ esa vf/kdre xwWaFkus ds mn~ns'; ls izR;sd jn~ns esa iRFkjksa ;k bZVksa dks foU;kl ;k yxkus ds <ax dks pky dgrs gSa ls: & ls: ml bZV ;k iRFkj dks dgrs gS] tks fpukbZ esa bl izdkj yxk;k tkrk gS fd mldh vf/kdre yEckbZ nhoky ds eq[; ds ledks.k fn'kk esa gksa iV~Vh (Stretcher) & iV~Vh ml bZV ;k iRFkj dks dgrs gSA tks fpukbZ esa bl izdkj yxk;k tkrk gS fd mldh vf/kdre yEckbZ nhoky ds eq[; ds lekukUrj gksa fp= &1 fp=&1

ikSuk (King Closer) fnYyk (Frog)

fpukbZ ds izdkj 1- iRFkj dh fpukbZ 2- bZaV dh fpukbZ iRFkj dh fpukbZ xq.k iRFkj dh fpukbZ bZaV dh fpukbZ dh vis{kk cgqr cy'kkyh vkSj fVdkÅ nks"k x<+us esa cgqr O;;A iyLrj Hkyh izdkj ugh fpidrk vkSj xkjk Hkh vf/kd yxrk gSA iRFkj dh fpukbZ 35 lsUVhehVj ls de ugha gks ldrhA iRFkj rki ls cgqr xje gksrk gS vkSj bl dkj.k mldh fpukbZ ls cus Hkou xjeh esa cgqr xje gks tkrs gSa iRFkjksa dh x<+kbZ (Dressing of Stone ) izd`fr esa izkIr iRFkjksa ds vfu;fer Hkkxksa dks dkVdj mUgs fpukbZ ;ksX; cukus dh dyk dks x<+kbZ dgrs gSa

iRFkj dh fpukbZ ds izdkj 1-,'kyj (Ashler) & lc vksj ls x<+s gq, leku vkdkj ds vk;rkdkj iRFkjksa dk mi;ksx iwjh,'kyj fpukbZ djus ds ctk; og uhps fy[ks :iksa esa dh tkrh gS & ¼d½ bZV iq"V,'kyj (Brick Backedashler) ¼[k½ <ksadk iq"V,'kyj (Rubble Backedashler) 2- <ksadk & fofHkUu vkdkj ds iRFkj nks ;k rhu fdukjksa ij rksM+dj mi;ksx nks izdkj & ¼v½ ;n`PN (Random) ¼c½ pkSdksj (Squared)

baZV dh fpukbZ xq.k iyLrj vPNk fpidrk xkjs dh fuf'pr ek=k bZaV dh fu;fer vkd`fr vkSj leku vkdkj gksus ds dkj.k pky (Bond) Bhd cu tkrh gSA ;g fpukbZ rsth ls gksrh gSA ;g lLrh gksrh gS vkSj vklkuh ls cukbZ tk ldrh gSA nks"k iRFkj dh vis{kk ;g,d rqPN lkexzh gSA ;g ikuh lks[krh gS] vr% o"kkZ _rq esa bldh fpukbZ ds Hkou esa lhy vk tkrh gSaA lhy ds dkj.k dqN yo.k nhoky esa p<+ tkrs gS vkSj bZVksa dks u"V djus yxrs gSA

bZaV dh fpukbZ dh pky leqfpr pky (Proper Bond) cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA nks izdkj dh pkysa izeq[k :i ls dke esa yk;h tkrh gS % 1- vaxzsth pky (English Bond) 2- ¶ysfe'k pky (Flemish Bond)

nsgy (Sill) nsgy (Sill) & f[kM+dh vkSj njokts dh pkS[kV ds uhps okyh {kSfrt dM+h f[kM+fd;ksa esa nsgy iRFkj] [kM+ats ;k [kM+h bZaaV] Vkby] lhesaV dkaØhV] dk"B ;k luekbdk ds gksrs gSa

fyUVy {kSfrt lajpuk tks fpukbZ esa njokts] f[kM+fd;ksa ;k vyekfj;ksa ds fy, NwVs gq, LFkku dks <d dj ml LFkku ds Åij okyh fpukbZ dk Hkkj ogu djrh gSA fyUVy ds izdkj fyUVy pkj izdkj ds gksrs gS % 1- dk"V fyUVy 2- iRFkj fyUVy 3- izcfyr lhesaV dkaØhV ¼vkj-lh-lh½ fyUVy 4- uohure vuqla/kku ds ifj.kkeLo:i irys iwoZ<kfyr izcfyr lhesaV dkaØhV fyUVy

Q'kZ (Floor) Hkouksa es Q'kZ cukus ds mn~ns'; jksdus ds fy, LpNrk ds fy, lQkbZ vkfn djus esa ljyrk ds fy, le rFkk dBksj ry pyus&fQjus ;k lkeku j[kus ds fy,

Hkwfery ds Q'kZ ds izdkj ¼1½ dPpk Q'kZ ¼2½eqje dk Q'kZ¼3½ bZaV dk Q'kZ ¼4½ iRFkj dk Q'kZ ¼5½ Vkby dk Q'kZ ¼6½ pwus ds daØhV dk Q'kZ ¼7½ lhesaV daØhV dk Q'kZ ¼8½ Vsjkt Q'kZ ¼9½ dk"B dk Q'kZ Åijh ry ds Q'kZ ds izdkj 1- izdk"B Q'kZ 4- izdk"B dfM+;k¡] baZVsa rFkk daØhV 2- izdk"B dfM+;k¡] LysV rFkk daØhV5- tSd MkV 3- izcfyr bZaV dh fpukbZ6- izcfyr lhesaV daØhV

Nr (Roof) Hkouksa ds Åij cuk;h tkus okyh lajpuk A rkfd o"kkZ vkSj /kwi vkfn ls mlds vUnj jgus okyksa dh j{kk gks ldsA bl dkj.k Nr bl izdkj dh cukuh pkfg, tks ml tyok;q n'kk ds fy, mi;qDr gksA mnkgj.k ds fy, eSnkuksa ds Hkouksa esa lery Nr cu ldrh gSa ijUrq ioZrks esa tgka fgeikr gksrk gS ogk¡ <kynkj Nr gksuh pkfg, ftlls fge Nr ls uhps f[kld tk,A Nr ds izdkj 1- <kynkj Nr v-,d ik'oZ <kyw Nr (Lean to Roof ) c- nqik[kh Nr 2- lery Nr

Nr [kijSy ¼Vkby½ eSnkuksa esa Nr Nkus ds fy, [kijSy dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA [kijSy uhps fy[ks izdkj dh feyrh gS % nslh [kijSy ygfj;k [kijSy (Pan Tile) bykgcknh [kijSy eaxykSjh [kijSy ckyk?kkV ds [kIijs

Nr pknjsa tLrh Vhu tLrh Vhu dh ukyhnkj pknjsa 20] 22 rFkk 24 xst esa feyrh gSa vkSj lk/kkj.kr;k 24 xst dh pknjsa mi;ksx eas yk;h tkrh gaSA yEckbZ 1-8 ehVj ls 3 ehVj rd likV pknjsa 16] 18] 20] 22 rFkk 24 xst esa feyrh gSa vkSj budh yEckbZ 1-8 ehVj,slcsLVkl pknjsa lLrh :i&jax Hkou &f'kYi ds lkFk,d jax fn[kk;h nsrk gSA lkFk gh os LoPN fn[kk;h nsrh gS vkSj muesa tax yxus dk dksbZ Hk; ugha gksrkA

'kkSpky;ksa esa dke esa vkus okyh lkexzh nslh fof/k 'kkSp iz.kkyh fons'kh 'kkSp iz.kkyh,l rFkk ih VSªi dh Hkh vko';drk gksrh gSaa ;s eqM+ss gq, uy gksrs gSA ftuesa ikuh Hkjk jgrk gSA bl ikuh ds dkj.k ey dh nqxZa/k dejsa esa ugh vkrhA ikuh dh Vadh Hkh nks izdkj dh gksrh gSA,d izdkj rks og gksrk gS ftlesa Vadh Hkwfery ls yXkHkx 3 ehVj Åij j[kh tkrh gS vkSj nwljk izdkj og gS ftlesa Vadh Hkwfery ls yxHkx 80 ls-eh- ÅijA phuh feV~Vh dh eq¡g gkFk /kksus dh fpyeph ¼ok'k csflu& gkFk /kksus dk crZu½ rFkk 'kh'kk vko';d gksrk gSA

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