Department :- Electrical Engineering Subject :- Electrical Measurement & Measuring Instruments (2130903) Group No:- 04.

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Presentation transcript:

Department :- Electrical Engineering Subject :- Electrical Measurement & Measuring Instruments ( ) Group No:- 04

Topic :- Thermocouple Type & Rectifier Type Instruments Group No :- 04 Group Members :- Enrollment NoName Kaushal Sangdot Akash Khokhariya Mohammad Lakdawala Digpalsinh Maidha Jay Mehta

Thermocouple Instrument Generally the measuring instrument are designed for measurment of rms value of quantity under measerment. Therefore an AC meter calibrated to accurately read RMS voltage or current on a pure sine wave will not give the proper value while indicated the magnitude of anything other than a perfect sine wave. This includes triangle waves, square waves, or any kind of distorted sine wave.

Thus the solution is given by thermocouple instrument. i.e. The meter movment is designed around the very definition of RMS :the effective heating value of an A.C voltage/current as it powers a resistive load. In such instrument the A,C source to be measured is connected across a resistor of known value, and the heat output of that resistor is measured with a device like a thermocouple.

These instruments works on the Seebeck effect. The seebeak effect is a phenomeno in which a temperature difference between two dissimilar electrical conductors or semiconductors, produce a voltage difference between the twosubtances.

Cricuit

The voltage developed as per Seebeck effect can be derived as: S A and S B are the seebeck coefficent of the metals A and B as a function of temperature. T 1 and T 2 are the tempertures of the two junctions. If the Seebeck coefficents are effectively consant for the measured tempreture range, the above formula can be approximately as :

Rectifier Type Instruments Rectifier type of instruments are used for measurement of A.C voltage and current by employing a rectifier element which converts A.C to a unidirectional D.C and then using a meter responsive to D.C indicate the value of rectified A.C. The indicating instrument is PMMC instrument. This method is very attractive since PMMC have higher sensitivity.

A full wave rectifier type instrument is shown in figure. There is a full wave rectifier bridge of diode which converts A.C to D.C. The multiplying instrument Rs, is used to limit the value of the current in order that it does not exceed the current rating of PMMC instrument.

Characteristics of Rectifier Elements

Half Wave Rectifier Circuit

Full Wave Rectifier Circuit