EARTH SCIENCE DAY 04: EARTHQUAKES Pick up materials on the front table! Materials Needed: Writing Utensil Science Notebook Science Folder

Earth Science Day 04:  Bell work: Referencing your foldable, what do you notice about the types of plate boundaries surrounding most of the Pacific Ocean? What about the one that runs through the center of the Atlantic Ocean? What conclusions can you draw about what will happen to the continents in the future?  Agenda  Cornell Notes with handout over Earthquakes  Virtual Earthquake activity

Q1: Which term describes the idea that energy can neither be created nor destroyed? A. Law of Conservation of Matter B. Newton’s First Law C. Law of Conservation of Energy D. Law of Transfer of Energy SC8.2.3.g DOK 1

Q2: What shows motion related to a reference point? A. the velocity change of a train relative to time B. the hands of a clock relative to the numbers on a clock C. the speed of a bicycle relative to the direction of travel D. the distance a race car traveled relative to the time of travel SC8.2.2.a DOK 1

NeSA-S Review #4 Imagine that you are building a model of the Earth that will have a total radius of 1m. You know that the average radius of the whole Earth in real life is 6,380 km and that the average thickness of the portion we call the lithosphere is only about 150 km. 1. What percentage of the Earth’s radius is the lithosphere? 2. Calculate how thick (in centimeters) would you make the lithosphere in your model? Math Talk: Explain HOW you solved this problem. ​

Greek and Latin Greek TermMeaningPicture duct-to lead hemi-half con-together lith-rock sub-under tect-to cover Draw a picture of the meaning of the word.

Objectives  I will know what earthquakes are and how they are monitored on earth  I will be able to analyze graphs and data to draw conclusion about earthquakes.

A1: Which term describes the idea that energy can neither be created nor destroyed? A. Law of Conservation of Matter States the mass of matter in a closed system will remain constant at all times. B. Newton’s First Law States an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion. C. Law of Conservation of Energy States that all energy can neither be created nor destroyed. D. Law of Transfer of Energy This is not a law of physics. SC8.2.3.g DOK 1

A2: What shows motion related to a reference point? A. the velocity change of a train relative to time You cannot see time so this example would not show motion. B. the hands of a clock relative to the numbers on a clock You can see the clock hands move past the numbers of a clock over a given period of time which show motion. C. the speed of a bicycle relative to the direction of travel You cannot see the direction of travel just that the bike is facing a direction so this example would not show motion. D. the distance a race car traveled relative to the time of travel You cannot see time so this example would not show motion. SC8.2.2.a DOK 1

Answer to NeSA-S Review #4 1. The lithosphere is 2.35% of Earth’s radius. 150 km ÷ 6,380 km = = 2.35% Explanation: The lithosphere is a portion of the whole earth, a percentage is in general: a portion of the whole divided by the whole, thus we divide the thickness of the lithosphere (portion) divided by the radius of the Earth (the whole) 2. The Lithosphere would be 2.35cm thick on your model. 2.35% x 1.00 m = m or 2.35 cm Explanation: This could also be set up as a ratio: 2.35/100=x/1.00m. The percentage you figured out in the first question tells you that for every 100units of Earth’s radius there will be 2.35units of the lithosphere, so if the unit we use is cm, and our Earth model is 100cm (1m), then the lithosphere will be 2.35cm (.0235m)

Defining Earthquakes  Shaking and trembling of the earth’s crust.  More than 1,000,000 occur a year or one every 30 seconds  Faulting is the most common cause  Earthquakes continue until all the energy is absorbed into the surrounding Earth’s material (dirt, rocks, buildings, etc.)  TSUNAMIS- an earthquake occurs on the ocean floor causing waves to become greater than 20 meters.  Extensions Extensions

Seismic Waves  FOCUS- underground point of origin  EPICENTER- aboveground point of origin; most violent shaking occurs at the epicenter  The three main types of seismic waves are: P waves, S waves, and L waves

Shadow Zone  Shadow Zone- is the area where no s-waves travel because they can not travel through the liquid outer core  Opposite side of the Earth from then the Focus

P Waves  Primary waves  Arrive first at the epicenter  Can travel through solids, liquids, and gases  They are push-pull waves

S Waves  Secondary waves  Can travel through solids, but NOT through liquids and gases  Move in up-down motion

L Waves (Love Waves)  Surface waves  Slowest moving seismic waves  Travel on top of Earth’s surface  Cause most of damage to Earth, because they bend and twist the surface

How Earthquakes are Measured  Seismograph-measures and detects seismic waves  Seismogram- Paper record of waves  Seismologist- scientist who study earthquakes  Richter Scale- a scale that allows scientists to determine earthquake strength based on many readings  1-10 levels at which an earthquake is measured on amount of damage caused; Above a 6 is very destructive

Reading a Seismograph  Find the P-Wave arrival time  0 sec  Find the S-wave arrival time  38 sec  Find the S-P Interval  38 sec  Find the Amplitude  180mm

NEXT YOU WILL BE COMPLETING: the virtual earthquake activity

EXIT SLIP: EXPLAIN WHY YOU HAVE TO HAVE THREE TRIANGULATION POINTS TO FIND THE LOCATION OF AN EARTHQUAKE.