CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON1 Chapter 8 State Government Section 1: The States Section 2: State Legislature Section 3: The State Executive Branch Section 4: State Courts

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON2 Section 1: Key Terms  Delegated Powers  Reserved Powers  Concurrent Powers  Full Faith and Credit Clause  Extradition

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON3 State Government Powers The Main Idea When the founding fathers wrote the Constitution, they did not want to hand too much power to the Federal Government.  Delegated Powers were given to the federal government.  Ex. Foreign Policy, Printing Money, Maintaining a Post Office, Defending the Country

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON4 Powers Reserved for the States  10 th Amendment of the Constitution states that any power not delegated to the federal govt. belongs to the people and the states. Also known as reserved powers.  Est. Rules for health, safety, and welfare  Marriage, Traffic regulations, and maintain education systems  Have control over all govts. within their boundaries. (Cities, Towns, Townships, Counties)

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON5 Law 101 Education is funded at many levels, mainly from taxes. Some states look towards alternatives to fund education, such as the lottery or slot machines.  Is it fair that everyone should pay taxes to fund schools? Even if you have no children attending the school.  What is your opinion about using lotteries or slot machines to pay for education?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON6 Concurrent Powers  Powers shared by both the federal and state governments Examples of Concurrent Powers: Taxation Taxation Federal Income Tax, Federal Income Tax, State income and property taxes State income and property taxes Making and Enforcing Laws Making and Enforcing Laws

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON7 Powers of the State State Powers  Establish and Maintain Schools  Establish local Governments  Regulate business within the state  Make marriage laws  Provide for public safety  Oversee elections  Assume other powers not delegated to the national government nor prohibited to the states Shared Powers  Maintain law and order  Levy taxes  Borrow money  Charter banks  Establish Courts  Oversee public health and safety  Enforce laws

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON8 State Constitutions  Many states have their own Constitutions  Most state constitutions have the following elements:  Preamble  Bill of Rights  Organization of Govt.  Election Provisions  State Affairs Management Provisions  Amendment Process

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON9 States Work Together Full Faith and Credit Clause ensures that each state will accept the decisions of civil courts in other states  Ex. Marriage and birth certificates, wills, contracts, property deeds, etc.  States also work together when it comes to criminals  Extradition is the process of returning fugitives to another state for trial

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON10 Section 1 Assessment  Why might states amend their constitutions?  Is it important for state governments to retain control of affairs within their own boarders?  How might our federal system be different if states did not work together with the national government?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON11 STATE LEGISLATURES Section 2

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON12 Section 2: Key Terms  Bicameral  Unicameral  Constituents  Initiative  Referendum  Recall

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON13 State Legislatures The Main Idea Although it may go by a different name in some states, every state has a lawmaking body. Legislators are elected officials that pass laws on the citizens behalf. They are organized to represent all state citizens equally.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON14Organization  49 of the 50 states have a bicameral legislature. This means they have 2 houses.  House of Representatives (larger house)  Senate (smaller house)  Which state has a unicameral legislature?  Meaning one house called the senate  Hint: These people are nicknamed the cornhuskers

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON15 Organization (cont’d)  State legislatures vary in size  Alaska has the smallest with 40 reps and 20 senators  New Hampshire has the largest with 400 reps and 24 senators  States divide up the state into legislative districts. Each legislator represents the people within their district

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON16 PA Legislature  253 total Members  203 Representatives  50 Senators

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON17 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Your PA Legislators Rep. Phyllis Mundy (D) Swoyersville Pringle Luzerne Kingston Forty-Fort Courtdale Sen. Lisa Baker (R) Swoyersville Pringle Kingston Forty-Fort Rep. Gerald Mullery(D) Plymouth Larksville Edwardsville Sen. John Yudichak(D) Luzerne Courtdale Plymouth Edwardsville

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON18 Qualifications and Terms  Every states’ qualifications vary by state  Generally state senators must be 25 years old  State reps must be 21 years old  However there are some states that have lowered that age 18 for both reps and senators  Terms  Most states senators serve 4 year terms while reps serve 2 year terms

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON19 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT Bill introduced Sent to Committee Bill Reaches the Floor Bill Sent to Second House Bill is sent to a Joint Conference Committee Bill is sent to the Governor Passing State Laws

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON20 How Citizens Participate in Lawmaking  Legislators and Governors represent the people within their state  It is these constituents that provide the input needed for legislators to help make the state better and run more efficiently

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON21 Bypassing the Legislature  Citizens can start a process called an initiative.  Process by which citizens can start new legislation  Citizens write a petition called a proposition.  Once a required number of votes/signatures is reached it then appears on the ballot of the next general election.  If the majority of people vote in favor, it then becomes law

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON22 Bypassing the Legislature (cont’d)  In many states the voters must approve certain bills passed by the legislature before it becomes law.  This is a called a referendum.  Some states allow for voters to remove elected officials from office.  This process is known as a recall, it begins when a number voters sign a petition.

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON23 Section 2: Assessment  How might unequal representation harm certain citizens or areas of a state?  What role do committees play in passing laws?  Why are initiative, referendum, and recall important tools for citizens?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON24 THE STATE EXECUTIVE BRANCH Section 3

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON25 Section 3: Key Terms  Governor  Patronage  Lieutenant Governor

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON26 The State’s Chief Executive  The governor is the chief executive in each state.  Leads the state govt., set priorities, make govt. appointments, and implement laws to meet the needs of their states Tom Corbett (R) Governor

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON27 Qualifications, Terms, and Compensation  Most states require a governor to be 30 years old. Except California and Ohio the age is 18.  Most governors serve 4 year terms. Except NH and VT which is 2 year terms.  Salaries vary from state to state. Range from $105,000-$183,255(PA)

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON28 Powers and Duties of the Governor  Chief Executive  Power of the Budget  Power to Make Appointments  Power to Supervise State Employees (Some jobs are filled through patronage, people recommended by political leaders  Chief Legislator  Political Party Leader  Head of State Police and National Guard  Judicial Power to pardon certain prisoners

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON29 Other State executive Officials  Lieutenant Governor- similar to vice president  Secretary of State  Attorney General  State Treasurer  State Auditor  Superintendent of Public Instruction (Secretary or Education) Lt. Gov. Jim Cawley PA (R)

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON30 Section 3: Assessment  What are the primary powers and duties of most governors?  How does the governor’s legislative power influence the types of bills legislators introduce?  How are a the responsibilities of the lt. gov and the VP of US similar? How are they different?

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON31 STATE COURTS Section 4

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON32 Section 4: Key Terms  Penal Code- set of criminal laws  Missouri Plan- method of selecting judges in which a committee prepares a list of qualified judges, the governor appoints a judge from the list, and the judge faces voters in next election

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON33 State Court Cases  States are free to set up their own court system to meet its states needs  Each state creates its on set of criminal laws or penal code  State judges hear the case and make the final decision on punishment  They also hear civil cases  Civil cases do not determine guilt or innocence but how much money or property is owed.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON34 CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT State Court System State Superior Court (PA only) State Supreme Court Trial Courts Lower Courts State Appeals Court

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON35 Election of Judges & Terms of Service  People that support elected judges argue that elections make judges responsible to the people who will be affected by their decisions.  The counter point is that judges may make decision based on what the people will like so they can be re-relected.  Terms of service vary by state  This is why some states have adopted the Missouri Plan

CIVICS IN PRACTICE HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON36 Section 4: Assessment  What are the 4 levels of the state court system?  Why do most states have low level courts such as small claims and traffic courts?  Do you think that electing judges is the best way to select state court judges? Why or why not?