Cells Biology I

What are living things made of?

Cell Theory All living things are made of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. Cells come from other cells.

What is a cell? Cells are the smallest unit that carries out the functions of life.

What is alive? Living things perform several functions (Refer to pages 6-10 in Glencoe text and Characteristics of Life Chart).

Reproduction Living things have offspring, so they reproduce. This can happen: Sexually Asexually

Genetic Code Living things inherit genetic traits from parental generation DNA carries the genetic code for living things

Metabolism Living things require energy, so they have a metabolism They break down foods to get energy

Growth and Development Living things get bigger and more complex by growing and developing

Response Living things respond to changes in their environment This plant is growing toward the light

Homeostasis Living things must keep their internal conditions, like water content and temperature, fairly constant regardless of the external conditions

Evolve Living things change over time in order to survive changes within their environment

There are two major categories of cells Prokaryotic cells Eukaryotic cells

Prokaryotic Cells Are very small and simple Do not have a nucleus No membrane-bound organelles Has: Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Genetic material (DNA) Examples: Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells Larger than prokaryotes Are complex Have a nucleus with genetic material inside Have membrane-bound organelles Examples: Plants Animals Fungi Protists

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Use the Venn Diagram provided by your teacher to compare features of prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Plants vs. Animal Cells Label the cell diagrams provided by your teacher and answer the questions that follow. Create a T-chart in your BILL comparing plant and animal cells.

ChloroplastNo chloroplast Cell wallNo cell wall (made of cellulose) Stores GlycogenStores Starch Large vacuoleTemporary vacuoles CentriolesNo centrioles Shapes varyFixed shape

Organism Groups of Cells Molecules Individual living thing Tissues, organs, and organ systems Smallest functional unit of life Groups of atoms; smallest unit of most chemical compounds Bison Nervous tissue Nervous system Brain Nerve cell Water DNA Levels of Organization

Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population The part of Earth that contains all ecosystems Community and its nonliving surroundings Populations that live together in a defined area Group of organisms of one type that live in the same area Biosphere Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass, stream, rocks, air Hawk, snake, bison, prairie dog, grass Bison herd Levels of Organization Continued