Titans of Industry
Changes in Business Vertical Integration Controlling your suppliers Horizontal Integration Similar companies merging Social Darwinism Natural Selection Robber Barons Shrewd and successful businessmen of the late 1800s Monopolies Complete control of supplies and goods of a business
Cornelius Vanderbilt “The Commodore” Steamship captain Becomes one of the largest steamship operators in the U.S. Donates “The Vanderbilt” in the Civil War Enters Railroad industry in 1860s Controls and connects numerous railway lines between Chicago and New York Creates one of the first efficient rail lines
Cornelius Vanderbilt
Andrew Carnegie Rags to riches From Scotland Gets start with the Pennsylvania Railroad Carnegie Steel Company Homestead Strike 1892 Sells to J.P. Morgan for $480 million U.S. Steel 1 st Billion dollar company Controlled 67% of U.S. steel production Declines after WWI Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller Devout Christian Shipping business profits from the Civil War Invests in a Cleveland refinery in 1863 Standard Oil (1870) By 1890 controlled 88% of U.S. oil Dissolved by U.S. Gov in 1911 Researched innovative uses for oil Bought out and crushed competition
John D. Rockefeller
JP Morgan Banking Helps to reorganize and consolidate struggling railroad companies Gains large amounts of stock Gains control of 1/6 of RR Northern Securities Trust Controlled 32,000 miles of track Broken up by Theodore Roosevelt Helps bail out U.S. Government $60 million loan in 1895 Advises through the financial panic 0f 1907
Electricity Morgan invests in Thomas Edison Has him discover a way to light 400 lightbulbs Electric light hurts Rockefellers business Devalues kerosene lamps Niagara Falls Contract Bid to light majority of the Northeast Tesla wins over Edison Chicago World’s Fair Morgan threatens Tesla’s investor with a lawsuit Gains Tesla’s patents Creates General Electric (GE)
JP Morgan
Legacy of the “Titans” Cornelius Vanderbilt Vanderbilt University Andrew Carnegie Gospel of Wealth John D. Rockefeller Over $500 million donate for philanthropy JP Morgan Extensive art collection Morgan, Rockefeller, and Carnegie unite in 1896 Help McKinley win election