Industrialization Spreads

Why did industrialization spread to the US? I.Similar resources A.Rivers B.Huge coal & iron ore deposits C.Large supply of labor D.Britain actually aided US development with the blockade of 1812 Forced the US to develop industries II.First Factories A.Samuel Slater & Moses Brown 1.Spinning machine 2.Mass production of thread B.Francis Cabot Lowell 1.Mechanized every stage of cloth making 2.Helped build Lowell, Mass into an industrial center

Lowell, Mass.  1,000s of young women moved to work in the mills Higher wages and some independence Constantly watched by the business to ensure proper lady-like behavior  For many this long hours and better wages were better than being a servant  The shoe & clothing industries soon became mechanized Many people who had farmed or worked as tailors and seamstresses now worked in these new factories

Technology boom in the US  The last 3 rd of the 1800s saw a huge increase in technological advances  Railroads helped connect major cities and caused huge expansion of those cities Chicago, Minneapolis  Small businesses began to merge into larger more powerful ones Corporations began to emerge

Creating Corporations I.Entrepreneurs needed money A.Stock: a small piece of ownership in a company B.Corporations: business owned by stockholders C.Money from the sales was used to expand their businesses

Men of Impact  John D. Rockefeller: founder of Standard Oil of Ohio Owned 90% of the oil refining business in the US 1 st US monopoly Became the 1 st US Billionaire  Andrew Carnegie: founder of Carnegie Steel Owned all phases of the steel production process Coal mines, Iron mines, railroads, steel mills

Continental Europe Industrializes I.Slow progress in Europe A.French Revolution & Napoleonic wars 1.Halted trade 2.Interrupted communication 3.Caused inflation II.Belgium A.William Cockerill B.John Cockerill 1.Huge industrial enterprise 2.Locomotives & steam engines III.Germany A.The Ruhr Valley 1.Center of German industrial growth 2.Railroad construction

The Rest of Europe I.Spain, Italy, & Russia A.Small pockets on industrialization B.Available labor force was a huge asset II.France A.1830: finally some industrial growth B.Very measured and controlled C.Avoided many of the class problems that other nations experienced III.Other nations in Europe A.Not much industry B.Not enough factors of production to succeed

Impact of Industrialization I.Global Inequality A.Industrial nations were wealthier B.Exploiting resources II.Imperialism A.Industrial nations take colonies to provide raw materials for production B.More later III.Transformation of Society A.Europe had economic power B.Wealth increased dramatically C.Growth of the middle class 1.Education and democracy increase D.Social reform