Do Now: Based on the video from Wednesday, what will be some of the challenges after the Civil War?

Reconstruction: Repairing a fractured Union

Lincoln's Plan ● Also called the “10% Plan” ● - 10% of residents in a state had to swear loyalty for state to be re-admitted ● Any who swore loyalty were forgiven (amnesty) ● Freedom and legal protection for former slaves ● - Est. Freedman’s Bureau ● Pocket Vetoed Wade-Davis Bill

Johnson's Plan ● Confederate leaders and rich planters can apply in-person for pardons ● - Others can be pardoned by taking oath of loyalty ● Prevent land redistribution to former slaves ● States needed to abolish slavery and repeal secession before being readmitted ● Veto congressional reconstruction

Do Now: What do Johnson's and Lincoln's Plans have in common? How do they differ?

Congressional Plan ● Reconstruction Amendments: ● - 13 th Amendment: Freed all slaves ● - 14 th Amendment: Granted all people, regardless of skin color, equal protection under the law ● - 15 th Amendment: All men have the right to vote

Congressional Plan ● South is ruled by martial law ● - 5 military districts ● Majority of people in a state needed to swear loyalty to be re-admitted ● - “ironclad oath” ● Tenure of Office Act ● - President can't fire people without Congressional approval

The Grant Years and the End of Reconstruction

Carpetbaggers General term for Northerners that came South between 1865 and 1877 Named for a common type of luggage Some wanted to reform or change the South Took advantage of Reconstruction to gain wealth and political power Many Southerners believed they were supported by Grant

Scalawags Southerners who supported the Union during Civil War or who supported Reconstruction Supported rights of Freedmen Allied with Carpetbaggers Seen by many as opportunistic, exploitative, and corrupt

The First Vote

African American Agency ● In 1867 Black men voted for the first time ● - Still usually voted for white politicians ● 1500 African Americans held political office between 1867 and 1877

White Supremacy Legacy of slavery: paternalism and racism Believed they were doing the right thing Rise of the KKK Strongly opposed Black suffrage and legal rights Extreme violence - Colfax Massacre

The Enforcement Acts Four Laws: - Civil Rights Act of 1870: Meant to protect African American Voters - Force Act of 1871: Provided federal oversight of congressional elections for prevent election fraud - Civil Rights Act of 1871 (KKK act): Allowed for use of Federal troops to combat violent insurgents operating against US law - Similar to the other three in that it attempted to limit the white supremacy movement

Enforcement Acts Cont. Meant to protect the rights of African Americans to vote, hold office, and serve on juries Specifically targeted KKK Suspended right of Habeas Corpus Deployment of federal troops and martial law Many tried before mostly black juries

The Beginning of the End Amnesty Act of Granted suffrage to most former secessionists Panic of World economic crisis The Redeemer Movement

Is this a primary source?

The Compromise of tie between Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel J. Tilden Purported Southern Demands: - Remove all federal troops - Appointment of Democrat to cabinet - Southern Transcontinental Railroad - Industrialization of the South Rise of the Redeemer Governments

Jim Crow Segregation Poll Taxes Literacy Tests - Grandfather Clause The “Solid South” - Southern states all vote democrat