ENERGY What is energy? What type of energy does our body use?

What are the types/forms of energy you can think of?

Energy Ability to do work Cannot be created or destroyed Can change forms: -Light energy can become chemical energy (carbs) -The process is called photosynthesis!!

Energy (the ability to do work) is stored in bonds. When you break a bond energy is released. The energy is usually released as heat and light. It’s ALL about BONDS!!!

ATP

ATP is made up of: Adenine Ribose Sugar 3 Phosphate Groups Cells store energy in the bonds of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Chemical Structure of ATP 3 Phosphates Ribose Sugar Adenine Base Copyright Cmassengale

ADP ADP (adenosine diphosphate) looks just like ATP, except it only has two phosphates

When is ATP Made in the Body? During a Process called Cellular Respiration that takes place in both Plants & Animals

Energy Transfer

To Store energy cells adds a phosphate to ADP…

And makes ATP!

To release energy the cell Breaks off a phosphate…

And makes ADP! And our cells can do this over and over again!

Uses of ATP

ATP supplies energy for things like active transport, protein synthesis, and muscle contraction!

ATP Cells only keep a small amount of ATP on hand. ATP is good for transferring energy but, not good for storing energy long term

Energy What does our body use to store energy?

Monomers (=single part) and Polymers (=many parts) Cells build macromolecules (aka polymers) by bonding small molecules (monomers) Cells build macromolecules (aka polymers) by bonding small molecules (monomers)

Carbohydrates (aka sugars) Monomer: Monosaccharide Elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen Function: –Mono- provide quick energy for cells –Poly- provide structure & energy storage

Monosaccharide  simple sugar –Monomer of carbohydrates –Ex  Glucose, fructose, galactose –C 6 H 12 O 6

Disaccharide  (double sugar) -2 monosaccharides combined Examples: Sucrose, maltose, lactose

Polysaccharides  many (1000s) monomers joined together  Examples: –Starch  storage in plants –Glycogen  storage in animals –Cellulose  support for plant cell walls –Chitin  (w/ nitrogen) support in exoskeletons of arthropods

Found in… potatoes pasta fruit honey corn

Where do Carbohydrates get made????