World History II Unit IV Review The Scientific Revolution The Enlightenment England Absolute Monarchs Virginia SOL – Goal 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d

This is the time period in Europe when people began to search for reason and used a systematic observation of nature to find answers… Scientific Revolution

During the Scientific Revolution, people used this method to study the natural (physical) world. The Scientific Method

Before the Scientific Revolution, people always believed that the earth was in the center of the solar system. This is called the __________ theory. Geocentric

During the Scientific Revolution, this man first introduced the heliocentric (sun centered) view of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus

This man added to the heliocentric theory, by introducing the idea that planets moved in an eliptical pattern. Johannes Kepler

This man invented a telescope and helped to prove that the heliocentric theory of Copernicus was true. Galileo Galilei

This man stated that all laws in the universe are the same. He introduced the universal law of gravity. Isaac Newton

During the Scientific Revolution, this man introduced the medical idea that blood moved through the body and that the heart is a pump. William Harvey

This is a time period in which people began to apply reason to the human world, as well as to the rest of the natural world. The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment had three major effects. What were these effects? 1.Started revolutions in Europe and America. 2.Ideas of the Enlightenment are found in the Declaration of Independence (Thomas Jefferson) 3.Ideas of the Enlightenment are found in the Constitution of the United States.

This is the book about government written by Thomas Hobbs… Leviathan

Thomas Hobb’s book Leviathan states that the best government is… One where people consent to a powerful government that can control people who are evil, destructive, and selfish. (Leviathan)

John Locke wrote a book called: Two Treatises on Government

John Locke believed that: People are sovereign and are born with the natural rights of Life, Liberty, & Property. People consent to a government to protect their natural rights.

Montesquieu wrote a book called: The Spirit of Laws

Montesquieu believed that the best form of government was… One with a separation of powers

Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote a book called… The Social Contract

Rousseau believed that: The government is a contract between the rulers and the people.

A French man named Voltaire believed what about religion? Religious Toleration is better than religious fanaticism. He wanted a separation of church & state.

What is an absolute monarch? A king that has complete power.

What two ideas do absolute monarchs support? Centralization of Power The Divine Right of Kings

Who are the two most famous absolute monarchs in Europe? What country was each from? Peter “The Great” – Russia Louis XIV (14 th ) – France

Louis XIV of France lived in this amazing palace: The Palace of Versailles

Peter “The Great” traveled in Western Europe with this goal… The “Westernization” of Russia

This country was the only major nation in Europe that put many limits on the powers of the king. England

This king was executed by at the close of the English Civil War: Charles I

This man became the ruler of England after the English Civil War. He ruled by taking away many of the rights of English citizens. Oliver Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell attempted to make his son the dictator of England and the English people rebelled and returned the king to the throne. This is called the: The Restoration

The English people split into two factions or (parties). One supported the king and the other supported the Parliament. These factions were: Torries (support king) Whigs (support parliament)

England decides to allow William & Mary to rule because they agree to be equal with Parliament. This is called the: Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution increases the power of ____________ and decreases the power of ____________. The Monarch The King (James II)

William & Mary agree to sign a document that limits the power of the government. This document is called: The English Bill of Rights (1689)

The four MAJOR powers in The English Bill of Rights (1689) are: 1.The king can not cancel laws written by Parliament. 2.Only Parliament has the power to tax the people. 3.The people must have freedom of speech. 4.The people must have the right to petition government.