Chemistry What is it?

What is Chemistry? 1.) The study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes. 1.) The study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes. 2.) The study of living things. 2.) The study of living things. 3.) The study of objects that have mass and occupy space. 3.) The study of objects that have mass and occupy space. 4.) Numbers 1 and 3 are correct. 4.) Numbers 1 and 3 are correct.

Good job, that is correct!!! Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter and the changes it undergoes and the study of objects that have mass and occupy space.

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Matter Matter- anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter- anything that has mass and occupies space.

True or False: Living and nonliving things are made of matter. True True True False False False

Correct! The answer is true!

Sorry, that is incorrect.

All living and nonliving things are made of matter!

Areas of Study Organic chemistry – study of all chemicals containing carbon Organic chemistry – study of all chemicals containing carbon Inorganic chemistry – study of all chemicals not containing carbon Inorganic chemistry – study of all chemicals not containing carbon Biochemistry – study of processes that take place inside organisms Biochemistry – study of processes that take place inside organisms Analytical chemistry – study of composition of matter Analytical chemistry – study of composition of matter Physical chemistry – study of mechanism, rate and energy transfer of matter undergoing change Physical chemistry – study of mechanism, rate and energy transfer of matter undergoing change

Examples Physical Chemistry - might study factors affecting breathing rates during exercise

Examples Analytical Chemistry -might develop tests to detect chemicals in blood

Examples Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry - chemicals that control symptoms of asthma

Examples Biochemistry – might study how energy used for contraction of muscles is produced and stored. Biochemistry – might study how energy used for contraction of muscles is produced and stored.

Example Inorganic Chemistry- - might explain how lack of calcium can affect growth and repair of bone

Pure and Applied Chemistry Pure Chemistry – pursuit of chemical knowledge

Pure and Applied Chemistry Applied Chemistry - research directed toward practical goal or application

Pure vs. Applied Chemistry Pure research can lead to an application Pure research can lead to an application However application can exist before research However application can exist before research - can explain how something works

Technology Technology – means by which society provides its members with things needed and desired Technology – means by which society provides its members with things needed and desired - quicker - less effort Examples: -Development of nylon -Use of aspirin

Why study chemistry? Reasons: Reasons: - explain natural world - prepare people for career - produce informed citizen

Explaining the Natural World Example: Water expanding when frozen Example: Water expanding when frozen

Preparing for Career Example: Example: - use of chemicals to develop photos - use of chemicals to fight different types of fires

Being an Informed Citizen Example: Example: - knowledge of how government spends money on scientific research

Chemistry Far and Wide How does Chemistry affect our everyday lives?

Chemistry Far and Wide Why Chemistry is important: Why Chemistry is important: - materials – chemists design materials to fit needs - energy – chemists play an essential role in finding ways to conserve, produce and store energy

Energy Conserve (Example): use of insulation Produce (Example): burn coal, petroleum and natural gas Storage (Example): batteries store energy for later use

Medicine and Biotechnology Chemistry supplies medicines, materials and technology that doctors use Chemistry supplies medicines, materials and technology that doctors use - medicines – over 2000 prescription drugs - materials – used to replace and repair body parts - biotechnology – production of biological products or processes

Agriculture Chemists help develop more productive crops Chemists help develop more productive crops - safer ways to protect crops (use of chemicals to attack pests)

The environment Chemists help identify pollutants - prevent pollution

The Universe Chemists can study universe Chemists can study universe - analyze matter from outer space

Thinking Like a Scientist

Where did the work “chemistry” come from? “Chemistry” came from alchemy - alchemy had practical side and mystical side - practical = working with metals, glass, and dyes - mystical = favored perfection (turning lead into gold)

Alchemy Still use equipment that was designed by alchemists - beakers, flasks, tongs, funnels, mortar and pestle

An Experimental Approach to Science Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier – helped transform chemistry from science of observation to science of measurement Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier – helped transform chemistry from science of observation to science of measurement - designed balance to measure to nearest gram - looked at how things burn

Scientific Method Scientific Method – logical, systematic approach to solution of scientific problem Scientific Method – logical, systematic approach to solution of scientific problem - observation - testing hypotheses - develop theories

The Scientific Method Observation- using senses to obtain information Observation- using senses to obtain information - can lead to question Hypotheses- proposed explanation Hypotheses- proposed explanation - Experiment – test hypotheses - Variables - Manipulated (independent) – variable you change - Responding (dependent) – variable being observed

The scientific method Developing theories Developing theories -Theory- well-tested explanation for broad set of observations Scientific law – concise statement summarizing results of many observations and experiments Scientific law – concise statement summarizing results of many observations and experiments

The Scientific Method Observation Hypotheses Experiments Theory Scientific Law

Collaboration and Communication Collaboration and Communication = increase in likelihood of successful outcome in science world

Problem Solving in Chemistry Solving Numeric Problems - Analyze – where you are starting and going - Calculate – after effective plan - Evaluate – always check your answer

Analyze Calculate Evaluate Complete Sample problem 1.1 along with number 26 and 27 in book page 30

Solving Conceptual Problems Analyze Solve You must apply and think