453 Chapter 2 Sounds of Today’s English
Making Consonants Place of articulation Where you make a sound Illustration page 23 Manner of articulation How you make a sound Chart page 25
Making Vowels Tongue Position Relative to roof of mouth High, mid, low Position of highest part Front, central, back Chart – Page 27
Vocabulary Thongs Diphthong Monophthong IPA Phonemic Contrast
Kinds of Sound Change Assimilation Dissimilation Elision Intrusion Metathesis
Causes of Sound Change Substratum/Superstratum Theory Phonological Space Ease of Articulation Folk Etymology Hypercorrection Overgeneralization
It sounds the same… Phoneme Allophone Complementary distribution Free variation
Exercises 2.1Review Only 2.2All 2.3All 2.4All 2.5Some of each 2.6All 2.7All 2.8All Some 2.12All 2.13All Some 2.26All 2.27Some 2.28Skip
2.5 Contrastive Sets The following sets show variation in (1) the vowel (2) the initial consonant and (3) the final consonant. Add words to complete each set. (1) [i]leakfeelleadbeatpeelmeatkeyedbead [I]lickfill______pit_________ [o] ___foal__________________ (2) [p]piepoohPoepaypainporepillpail [n]nighnew__________________ [r]ryerue__________________ (3) [p]reaplipaperipecapsipraplope [t] ________________________ [k] ________________________
2.12 Complete the following charts by writing the phonetic symbols in the appropriate boxes to show the place of articulation. Fill in as many as you can.