DAILY QUESTION October 22, What is an organic compound? (Make sure you are writing the book definition!)

Agenda10/22/08 Daily Question Check-in: Ch 5 sect 3 Wksht Ch 5 Section 4 Notes Assignments: 1. Ch 5 Sect 4 Review Worksheet

Organic Compound A covalently bonded compound made of molecules Always Contain Carbon Almost always contain Hydrogen

Hydrocarbon Compound made of only carbon and hydrogen atoms Simplest hydrocarbon is Methane, CH 4

Alkanes Hydrocarbons that have only single covalent bonds –Methane, CH 4 –Ethane, C 2 H 6 –Propane, C 3 H 8 Names end in -anes

Normal Alkanes When carbon atoms line up in a row Called n-alkanes

Condensed structural formulas Show how the atoms bond –Table 9, page 167

Alkanes, carbon atom chains, with more than 3 carbon atoms Can be: –Branched –Unbranched –Rings

Alkane Chemical Formulas Follow a pattern: C n H 2n+2

Alkenes Hydrocarbons with at least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms –C=C Simplest Alkene is Ethene, C 2 H 4 Propene, C 3 H 6 Names end in -ene

Alcohols Organic compounds that are made of oxygen as well as carbon and hydrogen Have hydroxyl or –OH groups –Methanol, CH 3 OH –Ethanol, CH 3 CH 2 OH –Isopropanol, C 3 H 8 O or (CH 3 ) 2 CHOH Names end in -ol

Alcohols Behave similar to water –Structure is like a water molecule, but one hydrogen atom is replaced by a methyl, or CH 3 group –Attracted to neighboring molecules –At room temperature they are liquids

Polymers Small organic molecules bond to form long chains called polymers

Polyethene Poly means many Ethene is an alkene, C 2 H 4 Means “many ethenes”

Polymers Natural: –Rubber –Wood –Cotton –Wool –Starch –Protein –DNA Man-made: –Plastics –Fibers

Properties of Polymers Determined by its structure –Elasticity

Biochemical Compounds Naturally occurring organic compounds –Carbohydrates –Proteins –DNA

Carbohydrates Any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things –Glucose –Starch

Proteins An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells –Amino acids are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen 20 naturally occurring amino acids They way they bind determines the protein made

DNA Made of organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus In the form of paired chains, or strands in a twisted ladder, or double helix