AVERROES Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364:806-817.

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AVERROES Apixaban in patients with atrial fibrillation Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364:

Méthodologie AVERROES Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: Objectif Evaluer l’efficacité de l’apixaban chez les patients ayant une fibrillation auriculaire à risque élevé d’AVC, ne pouvant être traités par AVK Type de l’étude Etude multicentrique, randomisée, en double-aveugle, comparant l’apixaban à l’aspirine Critères d’inclusion -Fibrillation auriculaire documentée dans les 6 mois précédents -Au moins un facteur de risque associé (ATCD d’AVC ou d’AIT, âge ≥ 75 ans, HTA traitée, diabète traité, insuffisance cardiaque, FEVG ≤ 35%, artériopathie périphérique documentée) -Patient ne pouvant pas recevoir d’AVK

Schéma de l’étude Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES Critère de jugement Principal: AVC ou embolie systémique Critère primaire de tolérance: Hémorragie majeure FA documentée + au moins un facteur de risque R Suivi moyen 1,1 an Apixaban 5mgx2/j* Aspirine mg/j * Dose réduite (2,5mg/j) si âge ≥ 80 ans, poids ≤ 60 kg, créatinine plasmatique ≥ 133 µmol/l

Caractéristiques des patients Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES Apixaban (n = 2808)Aspirine (n = 2791) Age, années ± SD70 ± 970 ± 10 PA systolique- mm HG132 ± 16 IMC28 ± 5 Sexe masculin (%)1660 (59)1617 (58) Type de FA Persistante Paroxystique Permanente 760 (27) 587 (21) 1460 (52) 752 (27) 590 (21) 1448 (52) ATCD d’AVC ou d’AIT HTA traitée Insuffisance cardiaque FEVG ≤ 35% Artériopathie périphérique Diabète traité Sténose mitrale 390 (14) 2408 (86) 1118 (40) 144 (5) 66 (2) 537 (19) 64 (2) 374 (13) 2429 (87) 1053 (38) 144 (5) 87 (3) 559 (20) 50 (2) Score CHADS moyen ,0 ± 1, (36) 1045 (37) 758 (27) 2,1 ± 1, (37) 954 (34) 812 (29) Dose de 2,5 mg d’apixaban179 (6)182 (7)

Motifs de non traitement par AVK Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES Apixaban N=2808 Aspirine N=2791 Tt antérieur par AVK N=22126 Pas de tt antérieur par AVK N=3383 Difficultés d’équilibration prévisibles 465 (17)468 (17)932 (42) EI non hémorragiques86 (3)94 (3)180 (8) Hémorragie importante sous AVK 92 (3)82 (3)173 (8) Surveillance des INR insuffisante * 322 (11)331 (12)167 (8)1560 (46) Difficultés pour contacter le patient 322 (11)331 (12)167 (8)486 (14) Difficultés de suivi des consignes de tt 437 (16)405 (15) Médicaments interférant avec les AVK 50 (2)53 (2)33 (1)70 (2) Refus du patient1053 (38)1039 (37)819 (37)1273 (38) CHADS 1 (seule raison)313 (11)336 (12)216 (10)433 (13) Raisons multiples1444 (51)1440 (52)1436 (65)1448 (43)

Principaux évènements Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES EvènementApixabanAspirineRR (IC)p AVC ou embolie systémique ,45 (0,32-0,62)<0,001 Décès toutes causes ,79 (0,62-1,02)0,07 Décès vasculaires 84960,87 (0,65-1,17)0,37 Hospitalisations CV ,79 (0,69-0,91)<0,01 Hémorragies majeures 44391,13 (0,74-1,75)0,57 Hémorragies intra-craniennes 11130,85 (0,38-1,90)0,69 Hémorragies mineures ,24 (1,00-1,53)0,05 Interruption prématurée de l’étude en raison d’une différence d’efficacité

Résultats Critère primaire Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES Risque de survenue d’un AVC ou d’une embolie systémique: 1,6%/an vs 3,7%/an HR: 0,45 ( ) Risque de survenue d’une hémorragie majeure 1,4%/an vs 1,2%/an HR 1,13 (0,74-1,75)

Résultats Evènements Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES

Résultats AVC Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES HR 0,46 0,33-0,65 HR 0,37 0,25-0,55 HR 0,43 0,28-0,65

Conclusion Connolly et al NEJM 2011;364: AVERROES L’apixaban réduit le risque d’AVC ou d’embolie systémique sans augmenter le risque d’hémorragie majeure chez les patients ayant une FA et chez qui le traitement par AVK est impossible