Introduction to the Human Body Systems C&G A&P Amanda Dunne

Body Quadrants

Body Cavities

SUPERIOR TO FRONTAL MEDIAN SAGITTAL PROXIMAL DISTAL TRANSVERSE INFERIOR TO LATERAL MEDIAL ANTERIOR POSTERIOR Divides the body into equal/unequal front and back parts parallel to the median plane The midline divides the body into two halves This divides the body into equal/unequal front and back parts This horizontal plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts Limbs only, closer to the root of the limb Limbs only, further away from the root of the limb. Further away from the median plane Closer to the median plane

Prefixes and Suffixes cyte chond oscopy arthro itis ectomy algia myo Cell Cartilage to look joint inflammation to remove painful condition muscle erythrocyte chondrocyte microscope arthroscopy arthritis hysterectomy myalgia Myocardium

Other important words Neuro = nerves neurological Cardio = heart cardiovascular Pulmonary = lungs Renal = kidneys Epi = outer epicardium Endo = inner endometrium

12 Body Systems Skeletal Muscular Integumentary Cardiovascular Lymphatic Respiratory Nervous Endocrine Digestive Urinary Reproductive The Special Senses

Skeletal The body’s framework Gives attachment to muscle by way of tendons Protects vital organs (thoracic cage, cranium and vertebral column)

Muscular Provides movement of the skeletal structure (skeletal muscle) Provides movement of fluids or organ tissue (smooth muscle) Helps the heart to beat (cardiac muscle)

Integumentary Protects the body against damage, such as water loss, abrasion and UV radiation. Also protects internal organs from knocks (subcutaneous tissue) Contains receptors for pain, touch and temperature as well as sweat (sudoriferous) glands

Cardiovascular Responsible for pumping blood around the body Carries O2 to body cells and removes waste Co2 Also transports other vital components within the blood plasma, such as nutrients, hormones, electrolytes and other gases. It transports waste products such as uric acid and lactic acid to the kidneys where blood is filtered and waste is removed.

Lymphatic A back up system for the blood, this system helps remove waste from tissues and eventually deposits back into the blood at the site of the subclavian veins Also part of the immune response

Respiratory Responsible for ensuring oxygen is brought into the body and waste carbon dioxide is removed.

Nervous The body’s telecommunication system Transmits signals to the peripheral nervous system from the central nervous system and vice versa Also deals with autonomic nerve function to keep important process going without conscious effort.

Endocrine Consists of hormones that, along with the nervous system, help to maintain the internal environment. Also controls the reproductive system and male and female characteristics

Digestive Bringing nutrients and water into the body and removal of wastes. It is basically a long tube with some accessory organs that pump in enzymes to help break food down into smaller particles for assimilation into the blood.

Urinary Filtration system for the blood Removes urea and uric acid from cell metabolism and lactic acid as muscle activity waste, plus other waste products.

Reproductive Systems differ between male and female, each with its own unique role to play in human reproduction Governed by hormones

Special Senses Adjunct to the nervous system, feeds back information to the brain about our external environment