© Cengage Learning The Power of Now

© Cengage Learning 2015 Health and Wellness Some characteristics of health Positive, optimistic outlook Sense of control, able to relax Energy and vitality Supportive social network Personally satisfying job or endeavor How do you define being of sound of body, mind and spirit?

© Cengage Learning 2015 Health and Wellness (cont’d.) Wellness is purposeful, enjoyable living What it looks like Decision to move to optimal health Way of life to reach potential Developing awareness that health and happiness are possible now Integration of mind, body, spirit Belief that actions influence personal health and health of world

© Cengage Learning 2015 The Dimensions of Health DIMENSIONS OF HEALTH Psychological PhysicalSpiritualIntellectualSocial Environmental

© Cengage Learning 2015 Increased likelihood of disease, disability and premature death Physical Depression and Anxiety Shame and Guilt Psychological Lose sense of self and connection with a higher power Spiritual Withdrawal from others Social Logic and reasoning break down Impulses difficult to control Intellectual Behavior can lead to injury and damage Environmental The Dimensions of Health (cont’d.)

© Cengage Learning 2015 Areas where the United States lags behind other developed nations –Birth outcomes –Injuries and homicides –Teen pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections –HIV and AIDS –Drug-related mortality –Obesity and diabetes –Heart disease –Chronic lung disease –Disability Health in America

© Cengage Learning 2015 Why We Lag Behind FitnessWeight Overall health Medical conditions Health care Mortality

© Cengage Learning 2015 Healthy People 2020 Six of the 2020 Health Goals for Americans 1.Prevent weight gain 2.Increase recent smoking cessation 3.Increase condom use and abstention in youth 4.Reduce misuse of prescription drugs 5.Increase cardiovascular health 6.Reduce sport and recreation injuries

© Cengage Learning 2015 Health Disparities Income Level Primary reason for minority health disparities is poverty Poor receive worse care Race Dramatic differences in disease, death rates and injury between races Sex/ Gender May have greater impact than any other variable Biological, social, behavioral factors and health habits differ between sexes

© Cengage Learning 2015 Why Sex and Gender Matter

© Cengage Learning 2015 Health on Campus Unique characteristics of current undergraduates Grown up in a digital world Most diverse in higher-education history More connected and more isolated Dealing with worst economy in recent history More coddled and protected by parents Born into a nation that’s changing rapidly Facing a future full of change that increases in pace and scale

© Cengage Learning 2015 Young Americans at Risk Serious health threats peak in young adulthood Substance abuse Sexually transmitted infections Homicide Motor vehicle crashes Other health risks also increase Eating fast foodNot exercising Being obeseSmoking Not visiting doctorBinge drinking

© Cengage Learning 2015 By graduation, 1 in 4 students has at least one major risk factor for Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome or Heart Disease Young Americans at Risk (cont’d.)

© Cengage Learning 2015 Health Prevention and Protection Prevention Information to help healthy people identify risks, reduce stressors, prevent potential medical problems and enhance well-being Protection Making risky behavior safer to prevent injury or unwanted risks

© Cengage Learning 2015 Making Healthy Changes Four life-extending behaviors 1. Not smoking 2.Eating lots of fruits and vegetables 3.Exercising regularly 4.Drinking alcohol in moderation

© Cengage Learning 2015 Understanding Health Behaviors

© Cengage Learning 2015 Health Belief Model People make health-related changes if they: Feel they can avoid a negative consequence Expect a positive outcome Believe that they can successfully take action

© Cengage Learning 2015 Self-Determination Model Amotivated Does not value a behavior and/or does not believe it will lead to a desirable outcome Externally motivated Engage in behavior to gain positive outcome or avoid negative outcome Intrinsically motivated Engage in behavior because it is fun; most likely to succeed at behavior

© Cengage Learning 2015 The Transtheoretical Model Stages of Change Six stages which are not linear in sequence – often repeat and cycle through Processes of Change Cognitive and behavioral activities that facilitate change Self-Efficacy Confidence and ability to cope with change

© Cengage Learning 2015 The Transtheoretical Model (cont’d.)

© Cengage Learning 2015 Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control Your belief that you can change influences the likelihood of your success Strong Belief Apply more energy to change More likely to persist to change Low self- belief Resigned to stress and feeling helpless More likely to give up

© Cengage Learning 2015 Health and wellness Define: Six dimensions of health Identify: Causes of disparities in health in the United States Describe: National Health Objectives for 2020 Outline: Stages of change in Transtheoretical Model Describe: Models of change to a behavior that you want to change Apply: Chapter Summary