Day 9 Warmup 9/9 1.Place Unit 2 Vocabulary in folder at your station. 2.Get your plants from the back of the room. Record Day 3 observations. Water your plants if necessary. Once you are done, place your plants back in the window at the back of the room. 3.We will now go over Chromebook Procedures and assign Chromebooks to each student

 Go to class website: mshollis.cmswiki.wikispaces.net  Click Unit 2: Biochemistry on the right hand side of the screen.  Click Carbs and Lipids Powerpoint  Copy notes on Carbohydrates and Lipids from the class website  We will go over these once you have finished copying notes.

Chemistry of Life Unit 2

Umm…why are we learning about chemistry in biology?

Why are we learning about Chemistry??? 5 elements make up over 90% of your body! C, H, N, O, P (Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorous)

BECAUSE….. Every biological process is part of a chemical reaction! All of the energy we need depends on chemical reactions!

Basic Chemistry REMINDERS… Chemical symbols are used to represent each element. Found on the Periodic Table

Basic Chemistry REMINDERS… Compounds are combinations of 2 or more elements.

Biochemistry Study of the chemicals necessary for living things. Also called Organic Chemistry. Involves the element carbon (C)

Organic Molecules Inorganic Molecules Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms together Make up living things Molecules that play an important role in living things Don’t contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen together Make up nonliving things Molecules that also play an important role in living things Water is the most important inorganic molecule Organic vs. Inorganic

Biochemistry Macromolecules or Polymers are large molecules that are made up of many repeating subunits or building block molecules known as monomers. POLYMER MONOMER Definitions on NEXT Slide!

Biochemistry Terms to Know: Monomer – the smallest unit of a substance (the building block) Example: like one Lego block Polymer – many monomers linked together to make a large structure; also called macromolecules (many repeating subunits linked together) Example: Lego blocks put together to make a Lego house

Organic molecules=macromolecules

Biochemistry Types of Organic Molecules (Macromolecules) 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates

FUNCTION Function: to store and release QUICK energy If the energy is not used, it gets stored as FAT (or LIPIDS)

SUBUNITS Sugars and Starches Monomer = monosaccharide (one unit of sugar) Examples: Glucose & Fructose Polymer = Polysaccharide (many units of sugar) Example: Starches

The ATOMS & RATIO Made of CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), and OXYGEN (O) These atoms are found in a special ration: 1:2:1 ratio (Example: C 6 H 12 O 6 )

It LOOKS Like… Pictures Monomer Polymer

It is IMPORTANT because… It is made by PRODUCERS in PHOTOSYNTHESIS GLUCOSE is the sugar made by plants during photosynthesis. Animals use this glucose to help create cellular energy (ATP)

TESTS FOR SUGAR: Benedict’s Solution To help remember this: BEN LIKES SUGAR! FOR STARCH: Iodine To help remember this: I DINE ON STARCH!

Monosaccharides Monomer = 1 Unit of SUGAR Examples: Glucose Fructose Monomers are SIMPLE carbohydrates They give you quick energy and are typically not very healthy Example: sugars found in candy bars!

POLYSACCHARIDES Polymer = Many Units of SUGAR Examples: Starch  sugars in plants (made of many repeating glucose molecules) Glycogen  energy storage in animal muscle Cellulose  found in plant cell walls; animals can not digest Polysaccharides are COMPLEX carbohydrates They are better for you than SIMPLE carbohydrates Examples: brown rice, potatoes, pasta, bread

They typically END in… -OSE Example: glucOSE, fructOSE, lactOSE

What happens when they are not used? They turn into FAT

Lipids

FUNCTION of LIPIDS Function:  Stored, long-term energy  Very concentrated  Twice as much energy as carbohydrates  Insulation  Keeps you warm (think of the blubber on a whale!)  Body Padding  Cushions body organs  Cell membranes  PhosphoLIPID Bilayer  Fat surrounds all of your cells and helps support the cell Commonly called fats, oils and waxes

SUBUNITS 1 GLYCEROL and 3 FATTY ACIDS Monomer = long chains of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids GLYCEROL 3 FATTY ACIDS

The ATOMS & RATIO Made of CARBON (C), HYDROGEN (H), and OXYGEN (O) RATION? THERE IS NO SPECIFIC RATION!! Lipids have the same ATOMS as carbohydrates, but lipids do not have a specific ration like carbohydrates do.

It LOOKS Like… Pictures

Molecular Structure of Fat not a chain (polymer) = just a “big fat molecule” glycer ol  fatty acid   

TESTS BROWN PAPER BAG TEST! If there IS a grease stain, then lipids are present!

Saturated vs. Unsaturated SATURATED Saturated – bonds in molecule are UNBENDABLE Tend to clog arteries Typically from animals (fats, butter, lard) UNSATURATED Unsaturated – some bonds in molecule BENDABLE Better, but can still clog arteries Typically from plants (oils)

It’s IMPORTANT for your CELLS… Cell membranes are made out of lipids phospholipids heads are on the outside touching water “like” water (hydroPHILIC) tails are on inside away from water “scared” of water (hydroPHOBIC) forms a barrier between the cell & the outside

Lipids = Fats Function Stored Energy, support, insulation Atoms C, H, O Important Make up the CELL membrane (phospholipids) Subunits 3 Fatty Acids & Glycerol Pictures Test Brown Paper Bag Test