Page 219. Lipid classification 1.simple lipids ---fats 脂肪 ---waxes 蠟類 (page 229) 2.complex lipids ---phospholipids 磷脂類 (A) glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂類.

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Lipids Introduction and classification

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Presentation transcript:

Page 219

Lipid classification 1.simple lipids ---fats 脂肪 ---waxes 蠟類 (page 229) 2.complex lipids ---phospholipids 磷脂類 (A) glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂類 (B) sphingophospholipids 神經鞘磷脂類 ---glycolipids(glycosphingolipids) 醣脂質 ---other complex lipids e.g sulfolipids, aminolipid, lipoprotein etc. 3.precursor and derived lipids 3 Fatty acids 脂肪酸 + glycerol 甘油 Page 219

三酸甘油酯 ROH + R’COOH R’COOR + H2O Page 219 Fats 脂肪

Structural formulas of some C 18 fatty acids. Page 219 Fatty Acid 脂肪酸 COO - under physiological condition

Page 220 Common in nature common Nomenclature 命名法 1.Systemic nomenclatures 2.Common name 俗名 saturated vs. unsaturated monounsaturated & polyunsaturated 硬脂酸油酸棕櫚酸

Page 220

Composition of hydrocarbon tails in phospholipids FluidViscous Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails with kinks Saturated hydro- Carbon tails Page 220

乙酸丙酸 Page 220

Page 221

Page 222 cis fatty acids vs. trans fatty acids

三酸甘油酯 ROH + R’COOH R’COOR + H2O Page 222 Triacylglycerols 三酸甘油酯

Page 222 (common name)

Page 229 Waxes

Lipid classification 1.simple lipids ---fats 脂肪 ---waxes 臘類 (page 229) 2.complex lipids ---phospholipids 磷脂類 (A) glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂類 (B) sphingophospholipids 神經鞘磷脂類 ---glycolipids(glycosphingolipids) 醣脂質 ---other complex lipids e.g sulfolipids, aminolipid, lipoprotein etc. 3.precursor and derived lipids 3 Fatty acids 脂肪酸 + glycerol 甘油 Page 224

2.Complex lipids ---phospholipids 磷脂類 (A) glycerophospholipids 甘油磷脂類 (B) sphingophospholipids 神經鞘磷脂類 ---glycolipids(glycosphingolipids) 醣脂質 ---other complex lipids e.g sulfolipids, aminolipid, lipoprotein etc.

Phospholipid

磷脂酸 (lecithin) (Diphosphatidylglycerol) Page 225

Structures of Several Glycerophospholipids Page 225

*Amphipathic molecules (hydrophophilic & hydrophobic region) 兩者 Page 225

Page 226 (PAF) Ether glycerophospholipids (A) ethanolamine

(B) Page 227 Phospholipase resistance

Page 227

神經醯胺神經胺基醇 Page 228

Choline (or ethanolamine)

Glycolipid

Page 228 Sugar(s) + ceramide ＝

ceramide Page 228 *Tay-Sachs disease

Abnormal ganglioside deposits in the lysosome Page 228

Terpenes ---combinations of two or more molecules of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene): Isoprene is the chemical 2-methyl-1,3- butadiene: Page 229

Derivatives of isoprene Page 260

Steroids Page 233

Page 234

Cholestrol

1.The dual effects of cholesterol on membrane fluidity ---decrease membrane fluidity at high temperature ---increase membrane fluidity at low temperature 2.Sterols (cholesterol in animal) decrease the permeability of a lipid bilayer to ions and small polar molecules. Functions of cholesterol on membrane:

Fig. 8-18a, p. 234

Fig. 8-19, p. 235

Fig. 8-20, p. 237