Part 2: Greece (800 BC – 300 BC)

Greece SOL Review #4

Part 1: Greek Geography 1. What terrain helped and hindered city-state development? MOUNTAINS 2. Due to limited arable ____________, Greeks looked to the _________ for their livelihood. LANDSEA 3. First major civilization to switch from barter to money ( ______ economy) USE OF COIN

Part 1: Greek Geography 4. All Greek city-states had ________________, although selling oneself into it was eventually outlawed in Athens. SLAVERY

Part 2: Greek Mythology 5. Greeks were _______________________ in their religious beliefs. POLYTHEISTIC 6. What did the Greeks use religion to explain? a. To explain NATURE b. To explain HUMANS (WHY THEY GET UPSET) c. To obtain certain benefits in the present.

Part 2: Greek Mythology 7. Who was king of the Greek gods? ZEUS 8. Who was queen of the Greek gods and the goddess of marriage? HERA 9. Who was the goddess of wisdom? ATHENA

Part 2: Greek Mythology 10. Who was the god of music? APOLLO 11. Who was the goddess of the hunt? ARTEMIS 12. Who was the goddess of love? APHRODITE

Part 3: Athens 13. Citizens (_____________ adult ____________) had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation. ____________ & ________________ had no political rights. FREE ADULT MALES WOMEN & SLAVES

Part 3: Athens 14. Athens was ruled by a _________________ (king), _____________ (elite), ___________ (ruler who takes power by force), then a _________ (people rule). - MONARCHY - ARISTOCRACY - TYRANT (TYRANNY) - REPUBLIC (DEMOCRACY)

Part 3: Athens 15. Which tyrant created Athens’ first written code of law? Today we call a harsh law __________________. DRACODRACONIAN 16. Which tyrant banned selling oneself into slavery to pay off a debt? SOLON

Part 3: Athens 17. A ________________________ is a government by the people. DEMOCRACY 18. A __________________ democracy is when all citizens participate directly in making decisions. DIRECT 19. The United States today uses a _______________ Democracy in which citizens elect representatives to govern for them. REPRESENTATIVE

Part 4: Sparta 20. In order to control the large slave population what did the Spartans create? STRONG MILITARY STATE 21. A government run by a small group of people, like in Sparta, is called an _____________________. OLIGARCHY 22. Sparta created a rigid social structure in their city-state. At the top were the _____________, who had all political power. At the bottom were the _____________, or slaves. CITIZENS HELOTS

Part 5: The Greek Wars 23. The Persian Wars ( B.C.) a. Persian wars united ATHENS and SPARTA against the Persian Empire. b. Athenian victories over the Persians at MARATHON and SALAMIS left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. c. ATHENS preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture.

Part 5: The Greek Wars 24. The Peloponnesian War ( B.C.) - Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world- ATHENS and the Delian League v. SPARTA and the Peloponnesian League. - Resulted in the slowing of CULTURAL advance and the weakening of POLTICAL power.

Part 6: The Golden Age of Greece 25. Golden Age of Pericles in Athens (mostly occurring between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars) a. Pericles extended DEMOCRACY; most adult males had equal voice. b. Pericles had ATHENS rebuilt after destruction in Persian Wars; the PARTHENON (built for the goddess Athena) is an example of this reconstruction.

The Parthenon (Athena)

Part 6: The Golden Ages of Greece 26. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization a. DRAMA: Aeschylus, Sophocles b Poetry: HOMER (Iliad and Odyssey) c. HISTORY: Herodotus, Thucydides d. SCULPTURE: Phidias

Part 6: The Golden Age of Greece 26. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization e. Architecture: Types of columns included DORIC (Parthenon), IONIAN, and CORINTHIAN. f. SCIENCE: Archimedes, Hippocrates g. MATHEMATICS: Euclid, Pythagoras h. PHILOSOPHY: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

Part 7: Alexander the Great 27.The _____________ conquest of Greece followed the weakening of Greek during the Peloponnesian Wars. MACEDONIAN 28. _____________ the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his vast empire. ALEXANDER 29._________ II, King of Macedon, conquered most of ____________. PHILLIPGREECE

Macedonia & Greece

Part 7: Alexander the Great 30. Alexander the Great established an empire from Greece to_________ in the south and the margins of ________. He also extended ___________ cultural influence throughout his empire. EGYPTINDIA GREEK

Part 7: ALEXANDER THE GREAT

Part 7: Alexander the Great 31. The Hellenistic Age under Alexander the Great was a blend of ____________ and oriental elements. He took the best of all the cultures he conquered with Greek culture and spread it throughout his empire. GREEK

COMPLETE SOL Review #5: Roman Republic