The muscular system How else will you move

Skeletal Fibers Fascicle- bundle of muscle fibers within a muscle Based on their organization, muscles are classified as.... Parallel, Convergent, Pennate, and Circular

Orbicularis Oris

Pectoralis Major

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Parallel Muscles Fascicles are parallel to the long axis of the muscle. Most muscles in the human body are convergent muscles. Some are flat bands with broad attachments at each end (aponeuroses) Others are spindle shaped with a central body (belly/gaster) and tendons on one or both ends. When these muscles contract, muscle gets larger in diameter.

Convergent Muscle Muscle fascicles extend over a broad area and converge on a common attachment site. (Tendon, Aponuerosis, or a collagen fiber known as a raphe) Muscles normally spread out like a fan with the tendon at the apex. Less stress is placed on the attachment site as compared to parallel muscles due to the fact that the fibers move in different directions.

Pennate Muscles Penna means feather and these muscles spread out in a common angle with the tendon. Although these muscles do not move the tendon as much as parallel muscles, they possess more muscles fibers which means more myofibrils = more tension = more power per square inch.

3 types of pennate muscles unipennate- all muscles are on the same side of the tendon. bipennate- muscles on both sides of the tendon. multipennate- when the tendon branches within the pennate muscle like the triangular deltoid muscle.

Circular muscles Also known as a sphincter muscle. fascicles are arranged around an opening or recess. When the muscles contract, the diameter decreases, and when the muscles relax, the diameter increases. Mouth, urinary tract and digestive openings.

E= applied force (completed by a muscle) F= fulcrum (which is the joint) a fixed point for the lever to act on. R= resistance (applied to the body or the body itself)

Class one lever- Fulcrum is place between the applied force and the resistance Class two lever- resistance falls between the the fulcrum and the applied force. Class three lever- Applied force falls between the fulcrum and the resistance. Most common lever in the human body

3 Important things levers can change The direction of the applied force The distance and speed of movement produced by an applied force The effective strength of the applied force

When both ends are free to move the ends will move towards the center or sacromere In most cases though, one end is fixed and the other end moves toward the fixed end.

Typical movements Origin- the place where the fixed end attaches to a bone, cartilage or connective tissue. Insertion- the site where the active end is attached to another structure. Action- when the muscle moves to create a movement.

Fixed end Active end The action is flexion

Types of Actions Agonist- a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing the movement. Antagonist- a muscle whose actions opposes that of an agonist. They are functional opposites to agonists. Flexors-Extensors or Abductors-Adductors. Synergist- aide in the movement of an agonist. They can start a movement when the agonist is fully stretched and weak or it could prevent movement at another joint to help agonists start an action called fixators.

Naming a Muscle includes Location in the body Origin and insertion Fascicle organization Relative position Structural characteristics Action

Get Familiar with table 11-1

Tell me what the following terms refer to in terms of where in the body it describes. Femoris- Pollicis- Nasalis- Carpi- Oris- Cutaneous- Costalis- Brachialis- Cervicis Tibialis- Oculo- Ulnaris Uro- Glosso- Abdominis-

Where in the body the muscle is found. Abdominis, Radialis, Oris, Cutaneous Abdomen, Radius, Mouth, Skin Region of the body

Muscle name that refers to the fascicle and its’ orientation within the muscle. Rectus is straight with the bone, while transverse is longitudinal like the plane. Anterior, Externus, Extrinsic, Inferioris, Internus, Intrinsic, Lateralis, medius or medialis, oblique, Posterior, Profundus, Rectus, Superficialis, superioris, tranversus. Example: rectus femoris muscle (straight thigh muscle) Fascicle Position

Structural Characteristics Name of tendons at origin Bicep=2, Tricep=3, Quadriceps=4 Shape of the muscle trapezius (trapezoid), deltoid (triangle), Platy (flat) Muscle size like brevis (short), lata (wide), maximus (largest)

Actions of the muscle Flexor, Extensor, Rotator, Pronator, Tensor Or specific actions that were name for specific events that they looked like. Example: Buccinator means trumpeter or when you compress your cheeks to blow or whistle. Risorius which is named after a mood so risor means laughter but it’s really for a grimace or smile. Satorious is for crossing your legs and sator means tailor as they used to sit with crossed legs before the sewing machine.

Axial vs. Appendicular Axial muscles- they position the head and spine, while also assisting in moving the ribs for breathing 60% of muscles. No role in movement or support!!!! Appendicular muscles- encompass those muscles that move the appendicular skeleton and aide in movement or support. 40% of the muscles in the body are classified as them.

Name the muscles below Deltoid- Pectoralis major- External oblique- Flexor carpi radialis- Rectus femoris Extensor carpi radialis longus-