Bell Work What caused the Persian Gulf War? Who was involved in the Persian Gulf War?

Objectives: Explain causes and effects of US involvement in the Persian Gulf War. Collaboratively research significant events in American history and explain their historical significance.

Agenda: 1.Bell Work: Persian Gulf War 2.President Bush The Presidents 3.Persian Gulf War 4.Semester Project Work Time **Events Paper Due**

Causes: 1.Iraq Invades Kuwait -enormous war debt -oil rich & disputes over oil -Iraq claimed Kuwait was part of Iraq -Better access to Persian Gulf 2. Fear Iraq would invade Saudi Arabia next

Persian Gulf War Analysis: Was the US justified in getting involved in the Persian Gulf War? Explain. Use information from the film and article in your response.

UN & US Respond Operation Desert Shield: protect Saudi Arabia Desert Storm: liberate Kuwait

Timeline Aug. 2, 1990: Iraq invades Kuwait Aug 6: Trade embargo & Warning Nov 29: “use all necessary means” to expel Iraq from Kuwait Jan 16, 1991: US/UN air attacks against Iraq Feb. 23, 1991: UN coalition launches ground war Feb. 28, 1991: Cease-fire

Cease Fire 1.Iraq pays Kuwait for war damages 2.Destruction of: -biological & chemical weapons -facilities & materials for producing nuclear weapons Iraq stubbornly resisted cease-fire terms

Outcome Iraq: 100,000 troop deaths –1000s of civilians UN coalition: 370 deaths Environmental damage from oil fires Damage to Iraq & Kuwait Revolts in Iraq (Kurds & Shiites) International Cooperation

US Weapons of the Persian Gulf War

Air Support American air superiority gave the coalition forces a huge advantage in this conflict. American aircraft completely decimated Saddam Hussein’s forces. Air superiority included: bombers, attack helicopters, fighter jets and other highly advanced weapons.

F-117a

F-117a stealth Designed to be virtually invisible to radar. Nicknamed the “Wobblin Goblin” because of bumpy ride and outlandish appearance Primary weapon (2,000 pound laser - guided bombs) Targets in Gulf War included Iraqi command and control installations and also chemical and nuclear production and storage facilities.

B-52

B-52 Stratofortress US Air force's long range, large payload multi- role bomber. Nicknamed BUFF - Big Ugly Fat Fellow Can carry more than 70,000 lbs of bombs - nuclear, laser guided and conventional. In Operation Desert Storm, B-52s were used to conduct round-the-clock carpet bombing attacks against Iraqi troop concentrations and defenses. In addition to high-explosive bombs, the B-52s saturated Iraqi positions with anti- personnel and anti-armor bombs.

BGM - 109

Tomahawk cruise missile Desert Storm was the first combat test of the cruise missile system. Highly successful. In the war, Tomahawks were used to destroy surface-to-air missile sites, command and control centers, electrical power facilities and were credited with the destruction of Iraq's presidential palace. Carry 1000 lbs computer or laser guided missiles miles per hour - up to 1500 miles

AH - 64

AH - 64 apache Specifically designed for its attack role. It is heavily armored and is hard to kill. Uses “Hellfire” anti-tank missiles that have range of 3.7 miles. Top speed 184 miles an hour. 30 mm laser directed gun also used - attached to pilot’s helmet; targeting information seen Primary use in Gulf was to destroy tanks and armored vehicles - highly effective weapon.

S-70A

S-70A Blackhawk Primary mission of the Blackhawk is as a troop carrier and logistical support aircraft Can carry 11 fully equipped troops. Equipped with the Hellfire anti-tank missile and 50 caliber machine guns Designed for low detect ability.

AH-1W

AH-1W SuperCobra US Marines attack helicopter. Can carry both the TOW and Hellfire anti-tank missiles. Also able to use the Sidewinder air-to-air missile. Equipped also with a variety of rockets and 20 mm gatling guns.

A-10

A-10 Thunderbolt Also known as the Warthog, Flying Gun, or the Tankbuster. The A-10 was responsible for more than half of the Iraqi military inventory losses, including tanks, Scuds and helicopters. Can carry up to ten Maverick air-to-surface missiles. Avenger 30mm cannon, mounted in the nose of the aircraft. Can fire 4200 rounds a minute.

F -14

F-14 Tomcat The F-14 Tomcat is the US Navy's carrier- based two-seat air defense, intercept, strike and reconnaissance aircraft The F-14 is armed with a General Electric Vulcan M61A-1 20mm gun with 675 rounds of ammunition. The aircraft can carry short-, medium- and long-range air-to-air missiles and, and air-to- ground ordnance including the Rockeye bomb and CBU cluster bomb

F-15 E

F-15E Strike Eagle The F-15E dual-role fighter is an advanced long-range interdiction fighter and tactical aircraft It is armed with air-to-air missiles that can be launched from beyond visual range, and has air-to-ground capability to penetrate hostile air and ground defenses to deliver up to 24,000lb of precision ordnance. The aircraft is armed with an internal M-61 20mm Gatling gun, installed in the right wing root.

F-16

F-16 Fighting Falcon The first of the US Air Force multi-role fighter aircraft, is the world's most prolific fighter. Air-to-surface missiles carried on the F-16 include Maverick, HARM and Shrike missiles The F-16 carries the Lockheed Martin LANTIRN infra-red navigation and targeting system. The F-16 has a 20mm General Electric M61A1 multi-barrel cannon and the gunsight is interfaced to the cockpit HUD.

UAV

Drones Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are either remotely or autonomous pilotless drones typically used for reconnaissance. UAVs At least one UAV was airborne at all times during Desert Storm. One of the most unusual surrenders took place when a Pioneer remotely-piloted vehicle droned above the battlefield, surveying potential targets. Five Iraqi soldiers waved white flags at its tiny television camera; it was the first time in history that men surrendered to a robot.

Air War Assessment Began January 17, 1991 and lasted about 6 weeks until the ground attack began. Air power was then used to assist the ground assault. Air power gave the US an extreme advantage Tomahawk destroying Iraqi postion

The Ground War On Feb 24, 1991 Marine divisions launched the ground offensive. Gen. Schwarzkopf hatched his “Hail Mary” attack plan. The ground assault by the Allies precipitated a general rout on the part of Iraqi forces positioned in Kuwait.

Desert Storm - Ground Offensive

M - 1A1

M1 - Abrams Named for the late Gen. Creighton W. Abrams, former Army Chief of Staff Principal U.S. heavy tank used in the Gulf War M-1 mounts an M68E1 105 mm main gun and two 7.62mm NATO M240 machine guns. Outranged Iraqi tanks by about 1,000 meters Its ability to fire reliably when moving at speed (45 mph) over rough ground gave it a capability that proved valuable in the Gulf.

M - 109A6

M109 Paladin A6 Provides primary indirect fire support to heavy divisions and armored cavalry regiments. The M109A6 is self propelled 155 mm howitzer. It contains an on board ballistic computer and navigation system, an improved cannon and gun mount, automatic gun positioning, automotive improvements and driver night vision equipment.

HMMWV

High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle Provides a variety of wheeled vehicle platforms Cargo/troop carrier, armament carrier, TOW missile system carrier, shelter carrier and two ambulance variants (2- and 4-litter). Designed for use over all types of roads, in all weather conditions and are extremely effective in the most difficult terrain. Perfect for use in desert operations

M2/M3

Bradley Fighting Vehicle The BFVS is a lightly armored, fully tracked fighting vehicle that provides cross-country mobility, mounted firepower and protection from artillery and small-arms fire. It is used in mechanized infantry and armored cavalry combat M2 provides infantry squads with a light armored fighting vehicle; M3 provides scout and armored cavalry units with a vehicle for reconnaissance, screening, and security missions.

MLRS

Multiple Launch Rocket System The multiple launch rocket system (MLRS) delivers extreme firepower in a short time. The MLRS consists of a launcher that holds two six-rocket canisters. Primary missions are counter-battery fire and suppression of enemy air defense systems. Each MLRS artillery rocket disperses 644 fragmentation bomblets over the target. These munitions are both anti-armor and antipersonnel.

M-9

M9 Armored Combat Earthmover The M9 ACE is a highly mobile armored tracked vehicle that provides combat engineer support to front-line forces. Its tasks include eliminating enemy obstacles, maintenance and repair of roads and supply routes, and construction of fighting positions. Used in the Gulf War to remove sand walls set up by Iraqis to slow down US offensive.

Ground War Assessment Operation Desert Storm(ground) lasted only 100 hours. The Iraqi forces were totally destroyed by the American led Coalition forces. 100,000 Iraqis killed; 148 Americans

Never Forget those who have served their country!!!