The Middle Colonies

Essential Question: How did the diverse Middle Colonies develop and thrive?

KWL Chart What I K now What I W ant to Learn What I L earned

Middle Colonies New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware

Middle Colonies 1.River systems 2.Valleys – fertile soil 3.."bread basket" large farms - surplus food 4.diverse population 5.manufacturing 6.iron mines, glass, shipyards, and paper 7.Cities: New York and Philadelphia New York Pennsylvania New Jersey Delaware Middle Colonies

Geography of the Middle Colonies The Middle Colonies were:  New York  New Jersey  Delaware  Pennsylvania The Middle Colonies had a warmer, longer growing season, rainfall, and fertile soil that made farming easier than in New England. Were known as the “Breadbasket Colonies” because they produced so much wheat, corn, and rye.

Geography of the Middle Colonies (cont) The region had several large harbors on the Atlantic coast These harbors were connected to many deep rivers that reached far inland Deep rivers allowed larger ships to travel to inland settlements

What conditions in the Middle Colonies favored farming? The climate was warm and soil was fertile.

New York and New Jersey New York was originally called New Netherland and was ruled by the Dutch. Like France, few people wanted to leave the Netherlands for the New World because life was good at home By 1640, New Netherlands only had about 2,000 people and was a struggling colony In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was put in charge to make the colony more successful He expanded the lands of New Netherlands south He also took over the colony of New Sweden in 1655

New Netherlands By 1660, Dutch farmers, fur traders, and merchants in the Hudson River prospered. New Netherlands controlled more land, but still didn’t have enough people to be successful To increase the population, the colony started allowing people from Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Spain, Brazil, and one of the first groups of Jews to settle in North America. Tension existed between England and Holland as New Netherland separated England’s northern colonies from its colonies farther south.

New Netherland Becomes New York In 1664, King Charles II granted the right to all Dutch Land in North America to his brother James, who conquered it. New Netherlands was split into 2 new English colonies: New Jersey and New York (named after James, The Duke of York) The Duke of York kept the colony of New York for himself, and gave New Jersey to his two friends, John Berkeley and George Carteret The English treated the Dutch settlers in the colony fairly, and most chose to stay Most settlers lived in New York To attract more people to New Jersey, Berkeley and Carteret offered cheap land to settlers

New Jersey New Jersey was established in 1665, when part of southern New York was split off into a new colony. It began as a proprietary colony, or a colony created by a grant of land from a monarch to an individual or family. In 1702, it became a royal colony, a colony directly controlled by the English king.

How did New Jersey become a separate colony? It was split off from New York after England took New Netherland from the Dutch.

Pennsylvania King Charles II owed a large amount of money to a man with the last name of Penn In 1681, King Charles II gave a large amount of land in North America to Penn’s son, William This land was named Pennsylvania, which means “Penn’s Woods” William Penn, a Quaker believed: - All people are created equal - Refused to fight (personally or in wars) - refused to swear loyalty to any king or Country.

Pennsylvania In 1682, Penn wrote The Frame of Government of Pennsylvania  This set up the government of Pennsylvania  Created the General Assembly, Pennsylvania’s legislature, which would make the laws for the colony  It gave citizens freedom of religion  It gave citizens freedom of speech  It gave citizens the right to a trial by jury He did not allow colonists to settle on land until Native Americans sold it to them.

William Penn

Royal Land Grant to Penn

Quaker Family at Service

 Penn governs the colony, unusual for a proprietor  Advertised in Europe, promising land & freedoms  Frame of Government (guaranteed elected assembly), Charter of Liberties (freedom of worship, open immigration), fair treatment of Native Americans  Penn’s family owed a large debt from the British Crown. Given a land grant in Pennsylvania

Why did Penn call Pennsylvania “a holy experiment”? He considered his plan unique and ordained by God.

Penn & Native Americans

Penn’s Treaty with the Native Americans

That an example may be set up to the nations as... a holy experiment. William Penn All men have a natural and infeasible right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own consciences; no man can of right be compelled to attend, erect, or support any place of worship, or to maintain any ministry against his consent; no human authority can, in any case whatever, control or interfere with the rights of conscience, and no preference shall ever be given by law to any religious establishment or modes of worship. - William Penn, Declaration of Rights Penn, more than any other individual founder or colonist, proved to be the chosen vessel through which the stream of demand for respect for individual rights was to flow so richly into our American reservoir of precious ideals.

Delaware: A Separate Colony Penn also became the owner of what is now Delaware People from Sweden were the first European settlers in Delaware. The Dutch took control of the territory in the 1650s, but lost it to the English when they lost New York. In 1704, Delaware became a separate colony.

Growth and Change Because of its abundant wheat crops, Pennsylvania was called America’s breadbasket. Manufacturers produced iron, flour, and paper. Artisans in towns included shoemakers, carpenters, masons, weavers, and coopers, who made barrels to ship and store foods.

The Backcountry Pennsylvania’s backcountry, or the frontier region extending from Pennsylvania to Georgia, was home to Scotch-Irish, and later, Germans. They called themselves Deutsch for “German” and became known as the Pennsylvania Dutch.

How was Pennsylvania a breadbasket? It produced wheat, from which flour for bread is made.

Section Review – 1 of 3 How did New Jersey become a separate colony? Answer Answer Why did Penn call Pennsylvania “a holy experiment? Answer Answer Hw was Pennsylvania a breadbasket? Answer Answer Click here to go to Assessment #2

Section Review – 2 of 3 What conditions in the Middle Colonies favored farming? Answer Answer nWhy did the Puritans not offer the same rights to everyone?AnswerAnswer Click here to go back to Assessment #1

Section Quiz It was split off from New York and England took New Netherland from the Dutch.

He considered his plan unique and ordained by God.

It produced wheat, from which flour for bread is made.

Essential Question: How did the diverse Middle Colonies develop and thrive? Settlers made use of local resources to develop their culture and economy.