Magnetic Refrigeration down to 1.6K for FCC_ee Jakub Tkaczuk Supported by: DRF Energy Program – DESA41K CERN FCC Collaboration.

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Presentation transcript:

Magnetic Refrigeration down to 1.6K for FCC_ee Jakub Tkaczuk Supported by: DRF Energy Program – DESA41K CERN FCC Collaboration

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

Magnetic refrigeration Magnetic refrigeration is based on the Magneto-Caloric Effect (MCE) (reversible variation of internal energy when applied magnetic field in a suitable material) Remove magnetic field spins randomize temperature decreases Apply magnetic field spins align temperature increases

Magnetic refrigeration Ideal Carnot cycle 2 adiabatic transformations 2 isothermal transformations

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

State of the Art CEA design Hitachi rotating design Hitachi static design CERN design MIT design

State of the Art Cold source Temperature 1.8K Warm source temperature 4.2K 4.5K4.2K Useful power1.35 W1.8 W0.5 W10 W12 mW Q / m_GGG10.6 W/kg1.7 W/kg0.7 W/kg1 W/kg0.1 W/kg η ?0.12 See presentation: FCC Week 2015

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Large DT possible But : More material More exchanged power ADR Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigerator AMRR Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Every part of magneto-caloric material goes through its own cycle

Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator

Inputs for one GGG core: Outputs for AMRR: Limited efficiency in comparison to other designs

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

Static Magnetic Refrigerator

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

Static Magnetic Refrigerator – Heat exchange conditions Warm source Kutateladze correlation: Nucleate boiling – far from film boiling transition

Cold source Condensation is limited by Kapitza resistance For small temperature differences: For larger temperature differences: Static Magnetic Refrigerator – Heat exchange conditions

L5 cm D No heat losses taken into account yet

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

Energy balance with Kapitza resistance Static Magnetic Refrigerator – Heat losses Largest heat losses: GGG – warm source So large heat loss is not possible Conclusion: GGG temperature is not homogeneous, it is significantly influenced by the heat exchange with the warm source.

Diffusion inside GGG: Static Magnetic Refrigerator – Heat losses Largest heat losses: GGG – warm source

Other heat losses Static Magnetic Refrigerator – Heat losses negligible Scaling the SMR: 670 kg of GGG is needed to obtain 1kW. GGG dimensions: D = 50 cm, L = 50 cm

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

50 µm Static Magnetic Refrigerator – Possible improvements Gas heat switch “off ” conduction is satisfying “on” conduction is not satisfying – 2-5 µm heat switch required – technically impossible

Contents Magnetic refrigeration State of the Art Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator Static Magnetic Refrigerator o Heat exchange conditions o Heat losses o Possible improvements Perspectives

Short term Study of heat switch solution on the warm source interface Experimental, cryogenic validation of selected heat switch Mid-term design of a 0.3 W magnetic refrigerator for laboratory demonstration Long term design of kW range refrigerator for FCC

Thank you