1 Study of Biology copyright cmassengale

2 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals copyright cmassengale

3 All Living Things Share Common Characteristics 1. Maintain A Stable Internal Environment- Homeostasis 2. All are Organized (via DNA) 3. Grow & Develop 4. They Reproduce 5. Adapt to changes -Respond copyright cmassengale

4 Common Characteristics 6. Basic Unit is the Cell 7. Obtain & Use Materials & Energy ** Life is a HOGRACE !!! ***AS A SPECIES, Living Things Evolve, That Is They Change Over Time copyright cmassengale

5 Characteristics of Organisms copyright cmassengale

6 All Organisms are made of Cells copyright cmassengale

7 Facts About Cells Cells are the smallest living unit of an organism All cells contain living material called cytoplasm All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane that controls what enters & leaves the cell copyright cmassengale

8 More Cell Facts Cells are complex & highly organized Cells have parts called organelles that do different jobs e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars e.g. Chloroplasts in plants make sugars copyright cmassengale

9 More Cell Facts The simplest cells are called Prokaryotes These cells DO NOT have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles Bacteria are examples copyright cmassengale

10 More Cell Facts More complex cells are called Eukaryotes These cells DO have a nucleus and membrane- bound organelles Plants, animals, protists, & fungi are examples copyright cmassengale

11 Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells Unicellular Organisms Unicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of One Cell Multicellular Organisms Multicellular Organisms –Living Organism Made Up Of Many, Specialized Cells copyright cmassengale

12 Organisms Reproduce to Pass on their Genetic Traits copyright cmassengale

13 Two Types of Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Involves 2 parents Egg fertilized by sperm to make a ZYGOTE Offspring DIFFERENT from parents copyright cmassengale

14 Two Types of Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Involves a single organism or cell Cell divides Offspring IDENTICAL to parent copyright cmassengale

15 Cells Have ORGANIZATION copyright cmassengale

16 Genetic Code DNA (deoxyribose nucleic acid) carries the genetic code for all organisms-the Organizer All organisms contain DNA DNA codes for the proteins that make up cells & do all the work copyright cmassengale

17 Life is Organized on Several Levels copyright cmassengale

18 Levels AtomsMoleculesOrganelles Cells – life starts here TissuesOrgans Organ System Organism copyright cmassengale

19 Levels PopulationCommunityEcosystemBiosphere copyright cmassengale

20 copyright cmassengale

21 Organisms Grow & Develop copyright cmassengale

22 Growth & Development Organisms grow by producing MORE CELLS & by cell ENLARGEMENT Organisms develop as they mature into an adult organism copyright cmassengale

23 Cells Require Food & Energy copyright cmassengale

24 Food Requirements Autotrophs can make their own food Photoautotrophs use sunlight to make food (photosynthesis) Chemoautotrophs use chemicals such as iron & sulfur as their energy copyright cmassengale

25 Food Requirements Heterotrophs can NOT make their own food They must consume other organisms Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat meat Omnivores eat plants & animals copyright cmassengale

26 Metabolism Sum of all the chemical reactions in an organism All require energy Sunlight is the ultimate energy for life on Earth copyright cmassengale

27 Metabolism Cellular Respiration –Cells releasing the chemical energy stored in foods 6O 2 + C 6 H 12 O 6 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O copyright cmassengale

28 Organisms Adapt -Respond to Stimuli Organisms Respond to stimuli (Temperature, Water, Food Supplies, etc.) In Order To Survive & Reproduce copyright cmassengale

29 Homeostasis Keeping The Internal Environment (Homeostasis) Of The Cell or Organism Within The Ranges Required For Life Stable internal conditions of pH, temperature, water balance, etc. copyright cmassengale

30 Living Things Evolve Species-a group of like organisms (Not Individuals) Change Over Time In Order To Survive Within Changing Environments. Fossil records show changes in groups of organisms copyright cmassengale

31 copyright cmassengale QUESTIONS ???