American Staffing Association Skills Gap Index 4Q 2015 Report 12-months Ended December 2015 © 2016 by the American Staffing Association Inc.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ASA Skills Gap Index Overview  Tracks the hardest-to-fill occupations –Nationwide and within four regions –By staffing industry sector  Draws upon 90+ data sources –The ASA Skills Gap Index utilizes CareerBuilder’s Supply & Demand Portal and other sources  Metrics –Hiring Indicator (HI) scores of 50 or less  Scale of 1-100, below 50 equals hard to fill –Demand of 2,000 or more jobs What is the American Staffing Association Skills Gap Index? 2

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ASA Skills Gap Index Overview 3  Detail nationwide and for four regions –Midwest –Northeast –South –West  Staffing industry sector breakouts –Engineering, IT, and Scientific –Health Care –Industrial –Office−Clerical and Administrative –Professional−Managerial What is the American Staffing Association Skills Gap Index?

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ASA Skills Gap Index Overview  Hiring Indicator –Utilizes supply, demand, and total workforce data, measuring the level of difficulty to recruit on a scale of 1 to 100, with 1 being the most difficult.  Active Supply –Comprises CareerBuilder’s active candidates per CB resume database.  Demand –An analysis of data on 90% of the online market, gathered by CareerBuilder and third party data partners.  Total Workforce –EMSI (Economic Modeling Specialists International) pulls in 90 sources of government data on the local, state, and federal levels, including BLS.  Compensation –Most data are from EMSI. Salary data in green text are from job seekers who share their most recent pay when registering or applying to jobs, as well as pay rates shared directly by employers in the jobs they post on CareerBuilder.com. Definitions 4

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ASA Skills Gap Index Summary—12-months ended December 2015 Number of Hardest-to-Fill Occupations * No office–clerical and administrative sector occupations meet the ASA Skills Gap Index hard-to-fill criteria. 5

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ASA Skills Gap Index Summary—12-months ended December 2015 Sectors by Region 6 * No office–clerical and administrative sector occupations meet the ASA Skills Gap Index hard-to-fill criteria. Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ASA Skills Gap Index Summary—12-months ended December 2015 Hardest-to-Fill Occupations—Nationwide 7 Occupation Hiring Indicator 1. Podiatrists5 2. Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers19 3. Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators Psychiatrists23 5. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons23 6. Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists24 7. Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers24 8. Occupational Therapists25 9. Internists, General Physical Therapists Occupational Therapy Assistants Genetic Counselors Actuaries Forest and Conservation Technicians Information Security Analysts Physician Assistants Computer Systems Engineers/Architects Speech-Language Pathologists Computer and Information Research Scientists Agricultural Inspectors Family and General Practitioners Nurse Practitioners Physical Therapist Assistants Software Developers, Applications Surgeons34 Occupation Hiring Indicator 26. Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians Veterinarians Sales Engineers Pediatricians, General Obstetricians and Gynecologists Emergency Management Directors Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists Foresters Surgical Technologists Occupational Health and Safety Specialists Demonstrators and Product Promoters Microbiologists Pharmacists Medical and Health Services Managers Retail Loss Prevention Specialists Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers Epidemiologists First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers Information Technology Project Managers Dentists, General Clinical Research Coordinators Diagnostic Medical Sonographers Marketing Managers Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers Operations Research Analysts42

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ASA Skills Gap Index Summary—12-months ended December 2015 Hardest-to-Fill Occupations—Nationwide 8 Occupation Hiring Indicator 51. Registered Nurses Medical Equipment Preparers Industrial Safety and Health Engineers Audiologists Compensation and Benefits Managers First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists Statisticians Dietitians and Nutritionists Radiologic Technologists First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers Software Developers, Systems Software Computer and Information Systems Managers Public Relations and Fundraising Managers Physicians and Surgeons, All Other Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products Web Developers Industrial Engineers Clinical Data Managers Computer Systems Analysts Electrical Engineers Technical Writers50

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ALL SECTORS Hardest-to-Fill Occupations Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles) SectorOccupationONET Hiring Indicator Active Supply DemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th Health CarePodiatrists ,824124,29777,966110,947156,966 Industrial Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers ,9534,999,20741,08632,01039,02748,060 Industrial Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators ,65771,79828,55820,33724,71832,772 Health CarePsychiatrists ,645178,999117,430178,175205,956 Health Care Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons ,094217,480166,319193,357247,201 Professional - Managerial Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists ,00443,22228,91236,44253,518 Professional - Managerial Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers ,148257,20629,05321,53826,28733,889 Health CareOccupational Therapists ,980131,36579,78565,26878,66293,561 Health CareInternists, General ,932185,874126,214182,800213,604 Health CarePhysical Therapists ,839203,27883,23768,44981,80195,007 NATIONWIDE 9 Top 10 Hardest-to-Fill Occupations Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ENGINEERING, IT, AND SCIENTIFIC Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NATIONWIDE Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles) OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th Actuaries ,368110,09472,38496,699136,115 Forest and Conservation Technicians271,10526,74238,02028,31735,27845,731 Information Security Analysts2818,977196,26791,59867,03788,895113,976 Computer Systems Engineers/Architects2911,466194,824123,514102,000122,000145,000 Computer and Information Research Scientists302,70330,977113,18185,862108,339134,347 Software Developers, Applications3372,309687,71398,86673,37894,909120,080 Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists3716,818109,28690,27356,15280,099111,773 Foresters371303,42059,99746,85957,94971,188 Microbiologists381,12011,18676,55149,28667,82997,275 Epidemiologists392752,81974,16353,22867,50087,167 Information Technology Project Managers4043,258233,005103,26478,000104,000129,000 Operations Research Analysts4214,51471,13482,93756,21876,662102,404 Industrial Safety and Health Engineers4310,51840,65682,42359,00077,00098,000 Statisticians461,52311,00183,92758,75479,961104,580 Software Developers, Systems Software4717,621129,454105,32680,119102,207127,611 Web Developers4878,362251,05662,97843,58558,93678,270 Industrial Engineers4895,557282,00185,12265,57481,504101,135 Clinical Data Managers482,43513,35878,75145,50064,50098,750 Computer Systems Analysts4994,676386,10086,09864,03181,679103,276 Electrical Engineers5024,50899,89095,48672,39291,163114, Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI ENGINEERING, IT, AND SCIENTIFIC Hardest-to-Fill Occupations MIDWEST Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Information Security Analysts283,02628,44681,39561,95479,76199, % Actuaries313124,614103,53469,74297,182128, % Computer and Information Research Scientists323333,00097,24776,20194,889115, % Computer Systems Engineers/Architects342,10931,641113,804100,048114,184131,4355-9% Software Developers, Applications3813,17699,36384,39165,80283,095101, % Industrial Safety and Health Engineers392,19310,17574,94660,59273,04791, % Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists412,70314,58473,40448,11564,00486, % Information Technology Project Managers438,70043,06399,63375,66099,192120,0783-4% Microbiologists433072,05761,21444,69357,08173, % Operations Research Analysts443,20114,73979,00157,23975,91698, % Industrial Engineers4727,52388,65578,09262,14075,86592,354 -9% Statisticians473212,01674,02254,12369,69690, % Electrical Engineers485,53222,84485,57968,66183,652100, % Web Developers5014,95145,48557,62341,82255,33371, % Computer Systems Analysts5019,65479,40980,48862,02478,19895, % Database Administrators504,82617,45979,24758,74577,74098,030 -4% Software Developers, Systems Software513,29218,39891,86372,75190,506110, % Network and Computer Systems Administrators5525,97263,64271,64554,99669,20185, % Clinical Data Managers554671,85856,69240,18352,26273, % 11 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Actuaries242368,292118,48177,026106,021148, % Information Security Analysts252,55233,661100,07172,71097,210124, % Computer Systems Engineers/Architects251,94339,206121,533102,605121,370140, % Computer and Information Research Scientists265897,515119,07193,818115,884139, % Software Developers, Applications3112,812145,630101,20275,62796,869122, % Information Technology Project Managers337,39153,036107,44484,575107,095128,559-74% Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists345,26537,00696,05662,31286,046118, % Industrial Safety and Health Engineers371,3377,09482,86265,28081,53598,748-61% Clinical Data Managers387065,26179,24750,38077,33199, % Operations Research Analysts432,80713,57291,24760,50581,139112,9001 9% Web Developers4416,68361,67664,87346,98561,61278, % Statisticians444413,05683,94660,44578,463102, % Industrial Engineers4514,29449,75285,70767,51682,714101, % Computer Systems Analysts4718,94080,36289,15265,74084,316107, % Database Administrators495,63720,40984,02661,75081,902105, % Software Developers, Systems Software492,75021,225105,83381,722103,568127,8122 0% Electrical Engineers504,05117,72396,46675,70793,477115,0870 1% Network and Computer Systems Administrators5124,34268,35382,70863,01078,87299,025 4% Microbiologists522871,52169,43649,35661,46287, % ENGINEERING, IT, AND SCIENTIFIC Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NORTHEAST 12 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Information Security Analysts2810,16393,092 88,27166,26085,966109, % Actuaries302503, ,81369,61590,300124, % Computer Systems Engineers/Architects314,80771,481118,02997,334118,822139,6542-5% Microbiologists343043,618 70,57749,77163,11886, % Computer and Information Research Scientists369758, ,53980,92998,921123, % Software Developers, Applications3625,160195,912 92,43769,58790,618113, % Forest and Conservation Technicians365934,641 40,25932,52039,23846, % Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists435,20025,112 81,50652,15269,02896, % Operations Research Analysts445,79527,064 75,52554,50470,87492, % Statisticians444944,167 73,98052,49970,65992, % Information Technology Project Managers4517,46274,876100,37474,002100,582123,9055-3% Industrial Safety and Health Engineers475,16715,43478,02255,67272,30693,2774-6% Computer Systems Analysts4937,254142,047 84,51362,08579,842101, % Software Developers, Systems Software506,38740,850 98,65775,31796,051118, % Web Developers5028,35182,670 59,98643,51256,89173, % Database Administrators5211,66234,540 78,96857,63477,25598, % Network and Computer Systems Administrators5263,135155,485 79,26358,62275,43796, % Industrial Engineers5235,54885,402 84,51864,68580,915100, % Electrical Engineers549,04131,606 92,63770,13588,071111, % Clinical Data Managers568173,44760,57042,61955,91473, % ENGINEERING, IT, AND SCIENTIFIC Hardest-to-Fill Occupations SOUTH 13 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Forest and Conservation Technicians ,923 36,71828,29332,55843, % Information Security Analysts242,99140,572 97,58075,22896,604117, % Computer Systems Engineers/Architects272,36652,043125,277110,663128,102141,209-21% Foresters27212,173 65,10752,35964,09777, % Computer and Information Research Scientists , ,80994,558112,939137, % Software Developers, Applications2818,026245, ,64085,575107,557133, % Actuaries291022, ,00673,97995,516128, % Microbiologists312123,988 87,39459,22681,294105, % Medical Scientists, Except Epidemiologists343,49432,230 96,68869,81387,968110, % Epidemiologists ,69054,50171,48594, % Information Technology Project Managers378,95461,484103,23379,669105,782127,905-30% Operations Research Analysts382,55415,590 87,71063,96782,554107, % Industrial Safety and Health Engineers411,7567,87777,18857,61475,42093, % Software Developers, Systems Software424,90748, ,41390,079112,736138, % Clinical Data Managers453882,78282,40868,49082,722100,859-34% Electrical Engineers465,50427, ,59281,135103,311127, % Computer Systems Analysts4717,13783,546 90,06168,69585,271107, % Industrial Engineers4717,21757,242 97,15775,96694,619116,318 12% Web Developers4816,68360,844 66,20345,85262,76483, % Database Administrators484,90219,466 87,95964,90087,558110, % Network and Computer Systems Administrators4829,40894,521 82,34862,25180,005100, % Statisticians512511,744 89,21265,06285,168108, % ENGINEERING, IT, AND SCIENTIFIC Hardest-to-Fill Occupations WEST 14 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI HEALTH CARE Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NATIONWIDE Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles) OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th Podiatrists517038, ,29777,966110,947156,966 Psychiatrists , ,999117,430178,175205,956 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons231639, ,480166,319193,357247,201 Occupational Therapists254,980131,365 79,78565,26878,66293,561 Internists, General , ,874126,214182,800213,604 Physical Therapists278,839203,278 83,23768,44981,80195,007 Occupational Therapy Assistants272,88644,359 57,26246,17656,95068,453 Genetic Counselors27783,037 69,26655,30067,26582,223 Physician Assistants295,45286,579 98,59883,70597,135115,788 Speech-Language Pathologists303,733102,565 74,35556,59771,29389,133 Family and General Practitioners322,62786, ,488131,629175,916208,496 Nurse Practitioners324,56880,537 98,05582,97195,477113,332 Physical Therapist Assistants325,31562,712 54,33043,28554,41365,707 Surgeons , ,709185,275193,505268,356 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians344,59244,682 55,28237,74654,40670,587 Veterinarians ,749 95,12768,61986,158110,785 Pediatricians, General , ,807129,441159,953196,204 Obstetricians and Gynecologists , ,950156,243184,323239,970 Surgical Technologists377,41268,479 45,17935,77043,51853,051 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists3710,10369,117 70,36853,15769,10885,366 Pharmacists3812,997144, ,183106,280120,647137,613 Dentists, General401,81939, ,138119,146152,560187,591 Diagnostic Medical Sonographers413,69531,280 68,62656,14167,76579,628 Registered Nurses42185,6831,390,649 69,60854,51666,49680,875 Medical Equipment Preparers425,19832,515 33,94226,64632,34438,811 Audiologists438526,488 76,59858,88672,92090,373 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists441,26311,081 67,68356,16267,45577,928 Dietitians and Nutritionists464,71633,738 57,44046,20956,95568,784 Radiologic Technologists468,53768,073 57,69845,52856,05468,567 Physicians and Surgeons, All Other471,11446, ,642113,672183,242213, Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI HEALTH CARE Hardest-to-Fill Occupations MIDWEST Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Occupational Therapists261,21027,951 74,08061,48373,30386, % Physical Therapists271,83644,734 79,39766,72878,83191, % Physician Assistants ,462 95,39180,19594,517111, % Speech-Language Pathologists ,363 69,90653,68268,03284, % Occupational Health and Safety Specialists311,83216,392 67,20551,57565,74081, % Occupational Therapy Assistants329539,563 53,54545,55053,42662, % Nurse Practitioners ,196 91,90881,43991,829103, % Family and General Practitioners , ,286118,022171,508196, % Obstetricians and Gynecologists35912, ,225166,765192,395236,765 4% Surgical Technologists351,30914,459 43,71836,55642,96750, % Physical Therapist Assistants371,33213,143 51,34641,69351,36360, % Dentists, General373219, ,334112,549153,694186, % Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians378267,823 52,47537,64651,98966, % Pharmacists382,36829, ,437105,662119,340133, % Diagnostic Medical Sonographers395736,214 66,37757,84266,42676, % Medical Equipment Preparers431,0376,896 32,58527,57032,09237, % Registered Nurses4441,309296,355 63,21551,96861,83073, % Radiologic Technologists461,54114,134 54,19745,36953,73362, % Physicians and Surgeons, All Other471759, ,580118,500189,509208, % Dietitians and Nutritionists491,0246,382 53,97744,87653,83362, % Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists502501,888 62,04253,94862,87072, % 16 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI HEALTH CARE Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NORTHEAST Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Internists, General , ,200140,465194,941219, % Occupational Therapy Assistants263948,339 52,75744,56452,90961,382 -9% Family and General Practitioners , ,707138,446173,833202, % Occupational Therapists291,16123,651 78,42364,72977,28991, % Physical Therapists292,03642,217 83,17068,41680,96995, % Nurse Practitioners , ,66886,552100,906116, % Physician Assistants301,52321, ,44985,59199,676115, % Physical Therapist Assistants ,223 51,55842,01251,65561,330 -5% Occupational Health and Safety Specialists311,56414,153 72,36857,06971,73186, % Surgeons311666, ,272185,581202,598261, % Obstetricians and Gynecologists331243, ,409148,185190,440228, % Speech-Language Pathologists351,04518,842 80,78061,93376,75195, % Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians399086,455 60,40846,07059,38773, % Surgical Technologists411,1628,720 47,78538,46646,70456, % Registered Nurses4336,221253,837 74,99660,99073,38788, % Diagnostic Medical Sonographers447055,608 69,47759,02369,76080, % Dentists, General452695, ,831129,575154,207188, % Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists452702,123 71,99162,07272,79884, % Pharmacists462,92321, ,898103,986117,140132, % Physicians and Surgeons, All Other , ,59494,607172,978197, % Medical Equipment Preparers489014,478 35,98930,06535,11741, % Radiologic Technologists521,5459,937 63,14952,05262,71573, % Dietitians and Nutritionists551,1675,929 59,27448,39359,30570, % 17 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI HEALTH CARE Hardest-to-Fill Occupations SOUTH Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Occupational Therapists232,03252,342 82,22867,44781,56995, % Occupational Therapy Assistants261,25018,214 61,69751,58762,47873,328 7% Internists, General , ,837140,975189,598216, % Physical Therapists273,60475,616 83,87769,03282,76296, % Speech-Language Pathologists281,39340,286 70,87454,58767,24884, % Physician Assistants312,26028,917 97,22481,80295,616112, % Physical Therapist Assistants322,51228,081 57,55046,74157,57168, % Family and General Practitioners331,20328, ,130129,732171,637202, % Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians331,98020,777 50,17733,87048,98464, % Veterinarians ,137 93,04267,38484,157106,808 -2% Surgeons344039, ,347184,224194,235257, % Nurse Practitioners352,26627,027 94,96580,40592,653107, % Surgical Technologists383,55429,129 40,65733,67439,58346, % Pharmacists395,38353, ,456106,117119,703135, % Occupational Health and Safety Specialists404,75625,373 67,73050,49665,68881, % Obstetricians and Gynecologists413194, ,161141,298190,779230, % Diagnostic Medical Sonographers411,42712,019 62,05252,42762,04472, % Dentists, General , ,184121,273161,139191, % Dietitians and Nutritionists421,68014,154 53,31742,78852,69062, % Registered Nurses4381,309543,884 61,89351,20660,78371, % Audiologists433792,468 73,38957,34771,00590, % Medical Equipment Preparers442,33212,501 29,04723,60628,03833, % Radiologic Technologists453,62028,730 51,82242,04251,02960, % Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists474824,162 63,31654,89564,00272, % Physicians and Surgeons, All Other , ,892128,466191,160211, % 18 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI HEALTH CARE Hardest-to-Fill Occupations WEST Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HI Avg. Salary Occupational Therapy Assistants212648,158 60,61051,15960,03770, % Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons21432, ,752165,272206,376254, % Occupational Therapists ,230 84,64271,84185,14499, % Podiatrists23335,744104,60167,30094,965131, % Internists, General , ,016143,878203,079232, % Psychiatrists25536, ,116111,475199,872231, % Genetic Counselors ,21259,57375,02991, % Physical Therapists261,26240,394 86,50372,51184,72999,901 4% Physician Assistants , ,50485,696101,805119, % Speech-Language Pathologists ,940 77,53561,83275,63390, % Nurse Practitioners , ,33789,730105,633124, % Physical Therapist Assistants ,157 55,65545,92056,67766, % Family and General Practitioners , ,400136,234189,617223, % Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians307859,550 64,55343,95763,82482, % Pharmacists312,22439, ,607115,487129,197143, % Surgical Technologists331,34216,100 52,74643,45351,84161, % Veterinarians34916,793 95,35269,65486,367110, % Obstetricians and Gynecologists351183, ,404147,132193,112240,367 -3% Surgeons351775, ,141187,650203,730272, % Medical Equipment Preparers369038,603 39,80430,93238,76847, % Pediatricians, General36583, ,816133,736165,233211, % Registered Nurses3725,420294,725 85,20268,39783,923101, % Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists372532,882 79,19665,95779,61694, % Occupational Health and Safety Specialists391,83713,075 74,48658,71373,22789, % Dentists, General , ,287112,988146,610186,111 -5% Diagnostic Medical Sonographers409387,388 82,92669,26883,34898,008 17% Radiologic Technologists431,76415,150 67,38053,81666,35880, % Dietitians and Nutritionists458007,205 63,76654,26563,58874,265 10% Physicians and Surgeons, All Other461889, ,758127,546199,893223,839 2% Audiologists473001,609 81,83665,94779,00894, % 19 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI INDUSTRIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NATIONWIDE Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles) OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers19107,9534,999,20741,08632,01039,02748,060 Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators 201,65771,79828,55820,33724,71832,772 Agricultural Inspectors311937,71443,61832,94743,09850,939 Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers381,02011,12330,15923,04628,57535,328 Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers413606,00632,80125,79131,63638,723 Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists4518,544120,54344,28334,25642,82653,491 First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 46137,178647,37732,22323,00229,41838, Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI INDUSTRIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations MIDWEST Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers1723,2401,772,44641,69732,80039,86249,436-21% Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators ,14827,60620,09224,78432,0461-3% Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers352292,99730,16424,04129,20035,247-30% First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 4329,332156,04629,73721,83427,24835, % Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists434,29332,43442,92833,90841,91750, % 21 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators ,70829,75820,57425,35534,116-44% Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers1814,473790,42143,99634,63942,03152,1577% Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers32541,82031,73123,98131,11638, % Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists402,35520,99147,90137,97147,14156,942-58% First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 4722,240103,28436,29926,37733,79544,315111% INDUSTRIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NORTHEAST 22 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers2049,2361,844,18939,14429,73536,87545,8581-5% Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers471631,88131,57325,16131,12537,2346-4% Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators ,44525,94819,93123,48329, % Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers434393,51328,10222,30026,35132,4785-7% Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists478,26946,71141,37732,52839,88848,8572-7% First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 4862,084266,18331,16222,67028,64037,3892-3% INDUSTRIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations SOUTH 23 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison Occupation Hiring Indicator Active SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers2319,896589,41242,01333,76340,50648, % Photographic Process Workers and Processing Machine Operators ,31732,71622,75829,66138, % Painting, Coating, and Decorating Workers351692,42832,03524,00230,07136,873-36% Agricultural Inspectors ,19537,12245,42656,132116% First-Line Supervisors of Food Preparation and Serving Workers 4622,774120,53532,96323,64230,24340,23602% Automotive Glass Installers and Repairers ,55426,50131,81939,81582% Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists503,42120,20447,74437,52047,08757,11557% INDUSTRIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations WEST 24 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI PROFESSIONAL–MANAGERIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NATIONWIDE Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles) OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists242284,00443,22228,91236,44253,518 Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers2419,148257,20629,05321,53826,28733,889 Sales Engineers3510,23473,611104,66672,50996,346126,360 Emergency Management Directors373,06616,29669,81346,12664,36488,967 Demonstrators and Product Promoters3719,919135,33129,83022,77325,94132,947 Medical and Health Services Managers3869,084401,009102,44671,43591,894119,186 Retail Loss Prevention Specialists382,96340,37844,13629,00038,00050,000 First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers39288,8431,911,41339,34928,22335,75545,416 Clinical Research Coordinators4112,34559,54173,36547,50062,00090,000 Marketing Managers41142,007549,403132,21287,995122,548164,430 Compensation and Benefits Managers447,75926,980118,61079,056108,036147,155 First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 4414,44963,90648,48434,31745,87458,423 Computer and Information Systems Managers4744,165212,621135,07698,645126,587160,004 Public Relations and Fundraising Managers4719,53364,963115,39873,902101,504143,104 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 4753,420248,02086,14452,32874,796107,267 Technical Writers5011,44543,02973,39855,79670,71388, Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI PROFESSIONAL–MANAGERIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations MIDWEST Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers224,02664,24727,88621,10825,47132, % Demonstrators and Product Promoters333,85932,69926,17821,16223,68028, % First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers3760,264428,15237,05126,89734,08943, % Sales Engineers382,29014,59894,22665,92987,829115, % Retail Loss Prevention Specialists397307,99434,26826,92830,51036, % Medical and Health Services Managers4114,85277,89894,26567,95885,613108, % Emergency Management Directors435972,70757,62139,39553,44971, % First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 442,78312,06645,06132,12342,32754, % Marketing Managers4528,38990,945116,55881,002107,874141, % Compensation and Benefits Managers461,5445,282104,25971,10294,959128, % Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 4710,56849,32380,91249,72669,71998, % Clinical Research Coordinators482,5318,61464,34244,84057,02774, % Computer and Information Systems Managers528,63833,980117,36788,724111,338138, % Public Relations and Fundraising Managers543,9529,87498,57467,14989,281119, % Technical Writers552,0326,25763,72550,76962,99975, % 26 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers212,73049,99530,90121,47627,54737,094-36% Demonstrators and Product Promoters283,08934,47334,65324,31830,22440, % Sales Engineers311,69516,600100,96871,79293,651123, % Clinical Research Coordinators322,78721,49185,61856,29678,108111, % Retail Loss Prevention Specialists ,26336,03627,86132,53940, % Marketing Managers3528,474149,492149,971105,004139,414186, % First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers3646,982354,71543,39131,04139,77651,186-39% Medical and Health Services Managers3812,36376,637110,88979,26799,309126,97908% Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 409,05254,39396,21161,13784,057117, % Public Relations and Fundraising Managers403,66818,521133,03288,184120,839163, % Computer and Information Systems Managers417,94854,747145,557106,646134,737172,682-67% Emergency Management Directors424802,19775,38653,71172,35294,04457% Compensation and Benefits Managers431,6586,450139,17597,031128,060166,91115% First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 432,86613,31453,80140,36351,56864,94510% Technical Writers462,2409,14377,43759,93076,81594,028-45% PROFESSIONAL–MANAGERIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations NORTHEAST 27 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers278,72592,41128,00521,37625,92832, % Emergency Management Directors361,4587,81666,94848,08561,00381,460 -4% Sales Engineers394,14821,610103,43873,73897,690122, % Medical and Health Services Managers4029,460148,18195,35667,87085,918109, % First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers40132,295774,97138,85927,82335,11944, % Demonstrators and Product Promoters407,60941,81929,39822,50125,64032, % Retail Loss Prevention Specialists411,22912,57841,31629,47736,25646,8703-7% First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 455,69722,88446,33933,28243,27555, % Marketing Managers4850,481134,436120,51583,089111,707147, % Compensation and Benefits Managers483,1308,533112,00878,902104,074134, % Clinical Research Coordinators484,76315,18761,32743,06954,02472, % Computer and Information Systems Managers5018,04168,249128,42596,584122,326151, % Technical Writers504,56316,29370,03254,56967,89783, % Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 5023,46986,02182,50250,83872,892103, % Public Relations and Fundraising Managers518,07020,540107,00772,52396,244128, % PROFESSIONAL–MANAGERIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations SOUTH 28 Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

American Staffing AssociationASA SKILLS GAP INDEX—4Q2015Source: CareerBuilder, EMSI Market DataSalary Data ( Percentiles)National Comparison OccupationHiring IndicatorActive SupplyDemandAverage25 th 50 th 75 th HIAvg. Salary Forest Fire Inspectors and Prevention Specialists15282,74760,90848,36160,55571, % Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers253,49149,79830,18422,40427,34334,3101 4% Sales Engineers311,92620,604114,02678,671104,493137, % Medical and Health Services Managers3211,92597,490111,53378,190102,795131, % Emergency Management Directors345083,50083,51763,04078,93098, % Marketing Managers3531,852172,184137,43995,310129,091172, % Compensation and Benefits Managers381,3636,669119,92881,586110,653148, % Clinical Research Coordinators392,15314,15173,34049,45062,74789,760-20% First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers3947,201350,04838,94628,74235,55745, % Retail Loss Prevention Specialists415189,15741,50728,84834,24647,3563-6% Computer and Information Systems Managers428,72455,080145,500107,693137,455173, % Public Relations and Fundraising Managers423,52015,922110,78775,34199,408134, % First-Line Supervisors of Protective Service Workers, All Other 423,04215,49449,15934,52746,19759, % Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products 4410,06557,58388,33353,41576,267111, % Demonstrators and Product Promoters454,83826,21229,84523,73627,66233,2378 0% Technical Writers482,45511,18279,42661,63177,23595, % WEST 29 PROFESSIONAL–MANAGERIAL Hardest-to-Fill Occupations Note: Hardest-to-fill occupations determined at a nationwide level based on hiring indicator ≤ 50 and demand greater than 2,000. Salary data in green are from CareerBuilder—all other salary data are from EMSI.

Questions? Contact: George Nadareishvili ASA Manager, Research