Semmelweis University Library1 Finding Things - Hard To Find Finding Things - Hard To Find Jozsef GEGES PhD Ovidius Marketing Co Ltd. 01 October October October 2016

How you approach the internet 01 October October October 2016Semmelweis University Library2 How many search engines you know How many search engines you know How many keywords you use in general How many keywords you use in general How many pages you study How many pages you study * Have you ever used Boollen operandus Have you ever used Boollen operandus You know differences precise and recall You know differences precise and recall

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Nancy Clark Recommendations Florida Sate University Library Semmelweis University Library501 October October October 2016

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Semmelweis University Library7 Where the information is WE SPEAK ABOUT SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL INFORMATION Documents on the WEB that general search engines cannot or WILL not include in their indexes are in HIDDEN WEB Documents on the WEB that general search engines cannot or WILL not include in their indexes are in HIDDEN WEB You cannot find them by general search engines You cannot find them by general search engines Contains a vast amount of information Contains a vast amount of information –much of it authoritative, qualitative –much of it specialized –Information not structured 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library8 Web Characterization Project by OCLC Web Characterization Project by OCLC – Growing number of web sites (IP address, page, sub-sub pages) In 2010: 54% public, 24% private, 22% provisional sites – Facebook deletes 20K/day In 2010: 54% public, 24% private, 22% provisional sites – Facebook deletes 20K/day – Public sites (2006): 58% English, 7% German, 5-6% Japanese, 3-4% each French, Spanish, Chinese, 2% each Italian, Dutch, 1% each Korean, Russian, Polish, Portuguese 58% English, 7% German, 5-6% Japanese, 3-4% each French, Spanish, Chinese, 2% each Italian, Dutch, 1% each Korean, Russian, Polish, Portuguese – Adult sites (2010): 3.7% lower share year by year – IP address volatility - all sites (disappearance pattern): 4.4% of sites in 2010 were also in 2000; 34% in 2002 by 2010 end – we have already run out of IP adresses 4.4% of sites in 2010 were also in 2000; 34% in 2002 by 2010 end – we have already run out of IP adresses 01 October October October 2016

Why should this process be changed... Contents are very different Contents are very different Location of information wide Location of information wide Information not structured enough – no relations covered Information not structured enough – no relations covered Search engines are not sophisticated – specialized enough Search engines are not sophisticated – specialized enough No filtering on quality No filtering on quality Semmelweis University Library901 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library10 Search engine technology Crawlers, spiders: go out to find (7/24/365) Crawlers, spiders: go out to find (7/24/365) –new & changed sites; periodic, not for each query Databases, caches: Databases, caches: –gather content; could be submitted, bought –Indexing: creating appropriate entries –various, mostly proprietary algorithms Retrieval engine: searching on basis of query Retrieval engine: searching on basis of query –Interface: gathers query, displays results – could be ordered by pay Results – hit list Results – hit list 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library11 Search engines differ Substantial differences among search engines on each aspect Substantial differences among search engines on each aspect No engine covers more than 16% of WEB No engine covers more than 16% of WEB Hard to discern & compare coverage Hard to discern & compare coverage National search engines – own coverage National search engines – own coverage Typical search engines – own coverage Typical search engines – own coverage Many comprehensive sources independent of search engines Many comprehensive sources independent of search engines 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library12 Looking for Medical information Meta search engines Meta search engines Specialized engines Specialized engines Portals and Reference sources Portals and Reference sources Libraries as web sources Libraries as web sources Subject databases Subject databases Societies, organizations Societies, organizations 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library13 Meta search engines Google – „list of metasearch engines” Search engines that cover search engines – Search engines that cover search engines –      October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library14 Google – „list of visual search engines” – eyePlorer.com – eyePlorer.com Are these one way roads or not? Are these one way roads or not? 01 October October October 2016 Graphical (visual) search engines

Top Medical Search Engines Simultaneously searches few free-access sources - PubMed Cochrane Systematic Reviews (within PubMed), National Guideline Clearinghouse and Merck Index. Results grouped by reviews, practice guidelines, systematic reviews and research-based articles. Often very slow. Google: „medical search engines” 01 October October October 2016Semmelweis University Library15

Semmelweis University Library16 Spec. engines & catalogues Cover general & specific areas Cover general & specific areas  Open Directory Project – large edited catalogue of the web with medical search engines Open Directory Project Open Directory Project  Nat. Acad. of Sciences of Belarus Interesting WWW sites about science. Nat. Acad. of Sciences of Belarus Nat. Acad. of Sciences of Belarus  BUBL LINK -selected Internet resources covering all academic subject areas – UK BUBL LINK BUBL LINK  Profusion – search in categories Profusion 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library17 Exist in many domains & subjects Exist in many domains & subjects  Psychcrawler American Psychological Association Psychcrawler  web index for psychology  Entrez PubMed – Nat. Library of Medicine Entrez PubMed Entrez PubMed  CiteSeer - NEC Research Centre CiteSeer  scientific literature, citations index - free  Think Quest – an international organization Think Quest Think Quest  education resources, programs KIRKE - Katalog der Internetressourcen für die Klassische Philologie aus Erlangen KIRKE KIRKE  a variety of resources  Sch of Slavonic & East European Studies, University College London Sch of Slavonic & East European Studies Sch of Slavonic & East European Studies  includes country resources  U Mich Document Centre U Mich Document Centre U Mich Document Centre  official documents from all over the world 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library18 Reference services Reference services - several models Reference services - several models –Q&A, directories, answers etc.  Martindale’s Reference Desk Martindale’s Reference Desk Martindale’s Reference Desk  comprehensive, amazing; also a health desk  Ask Jeeves! Ask Jeeves! Ask Jeeves!  most popular, commercial  Ask ERIC Ask ERIC Ask ERIC  education questions- answers  Information Please Information Please Information Please  almanac type questions Question Point L of Congress & OCLC Question Point Question Point  project for a global reference network  Virtual Reference Desk – L of Congress Virtual Reference Desk Virtual Reference Desk compilation of web reference sites  LiveRef - maintained at Iowa State U LiveRef a registry of real time digital reference services 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library19 Libraries as web sources Academic libraries providing open collections & services; models vary Academic libraries providing open collections & services; models vary  Semmelweis University libraries - big long term effort Semmelweis University libraries Semmelweis University libraries  University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley  a most elaborate effort together with Sun Corporation  Bibliothèque Nationale de France Bibliothèque Nationale de France Bibliothèque Nationale de France  includes virtual exhibitions, among others  Karolinska Univesrity Lib. 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library20 Virtual libraries on the Web Libraries emerging only on the Web Libraries emerging only on the Web  Virtual Library – Virtual Library Virtual Library  Switzerland, US, UK & other countries – ‘oldest virtual library on the Web’  Internet Public Library Michigan Internet Public Library Internet Public Library  also a long term effort  Librarians Index of the Internet Librarians Index of the Internet Librarians Index of the Internet  very popular and comprehensive  Academic Info Digital Library Academic Info Digital Library Academic Info Digital Library  many links to digital collections & resources in various subjects  Gabriel Gabriel  Gateway to European National Libraries 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library21 Subjects databases Many subject specific sites Many subject specific sites –rich & often unique coverage & services – different approaches & requirements Examples in health related domains: Examples in health related domains:  WebMDHealth – news, medical information WebMDHealth  Rxlist - The Internet Drug Index Rxlist  Mayo Clinic Health Oasis – health advice Mayo Clinic Health Oasis Mayo Clinic Health Oasis 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library22 Societies, organizations Great many rich sources for searching Great many rich sources for searching –differences in requirements, depth, richness Examples from variety of organizations:  Assoc. for Computing Machinery Assoc. for Computing Machinery Assoc. for Computing Machinery  Digital Library; subscription or registration  US State Department US State Department US State Department  about the U.S & other countries  FDA, APA, AHA etc.  Genealogy – Church of Later Day Saints Genealogy  most comprehensive historical list of records 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library23 Language barriers English still the major language English still the major language – but declining, now slightly over 50% Multilingual retrieval search engines Multilingual retrieval search engines  Euroseek Euroseek  searches in a number of languages  AlltheWeb bought by YAHOO! already  results in 45 languages 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library24 Language barriers: translations A number of translation sites A number of translation sites –machine aided – i.e. plug in terms, phrases, sentences in one & review in the other language, but effectiveness???  Free Translations Free Translations Free Translations  from to English, & 8 other languages  Babel Fish Babel FishBabel Fish  from to English and 9 languages, translates URLs  Travlang Travlang  great for travellers, but annoying commercials 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library25 Web – keep updated Web – keep updated What is going on the Web? Some major sources of news and evaluations: What is going on the Web? Some major sources of news and evaluations:  Free Pint – newsletter, articles, links Free Pint Free Pint  Internet Resources Newsletter – UK based Internet Resources Newsletter Internet Resources Newsletter  ResearchBuzz – daily updates; many aspects ResearchBuzz  About.com Web Search – tools, Web Search Forum About.com Web Search About.com Web Search  Resource Shelf – newsletter with archive Resource Shelf Resource Shelf 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library26 Evaluations, ratings Many sources evaluate web sites: Many sources evaluate web sites:  The Scout Report – The Scout Report The Scout Report  librarians’ BIBLE! Annotations. Comprehensive.  Medical Library Assoc. – ten most useful sites; Medical Library Assoc. Medical Library Assoc.  MLA user guide for health inf., recommendations MLA user guide MLA user guide  Web 100 – commercial, user ratings, news Web 100 Web 100  Evaluating web pages UC Berkeley Evaluating web pages Evaluating web pages –tutorial and guide 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library27 Archiving the web Internet Archive – a large undertaking Internet Archive – a large undertaking Internet Archive Internet Archive – includes web archive & lots more publicly available & free – 10 billion web pages archived from 1996 to a few months ago – WaybackMachine – search to look at old versions of web pages – But there is more. e.g.: – Million Book Project Million Book Project Million Book Project – International Children’s Digital Library International Children’s Digital Library International Children’s Digital Library 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library28 Needed for Web searching Knowledge & competencies on Knowledge & competencies on –variety of web sources & their organization –search engines –web search strategies –search dynamics, feedback Keeping up & up & up Keeping up & up & up –constant updates, changes, innovations –many domain/subject specific 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library29 Needed for professionals Knowledge of SOURCES in area of interest Knowledge of SOURCES in area of interest search engines not enough search engines not enough not too helpful in finding these other sources; structure hard to discern not too helpful in finding these other sources; structure hard to discern Evaluation of sources Evaluation of sources –a key professional skill! standard criteria & Web criteria: standard criteria & Web criteria: authority; accuracy; currency (timeliness); objectivity; coverage, persistence, usability 01 October October October 2016

Semmelweis University Library30 Needed competencies … Knowledge of users & use Knowledge of users & use Knowledge of searching Knowledge of searching Use of technology Use of technology Adaptability, flexibility Adaptability, flexibility Integration with other resources Integration with other resources Teaching others Teaching others Constant learning & update Constant learning & update –keeping up, keeping up, keeping up 01 October October October 2016