The Rise of Segregation Chapter 13 Section 5

Background ● After Reconstruction ended, Southern states began passing laws that eroded the rights of African Americans by introducing segregation and denying voting rights ● African American leaders struggled to protect civil rights and improve quality of life but could not always agree on the most effective strategy ●

Exodusters ● People became convinced African Americans would never be given a chance to get ahead in the South ● He began moving African Americans to Kansas to create their own communites ● Soon there were over 6,000 African Americans who had picked up and moved to Kansas to help each other get ahead

Other Organizations ● Some African Americans joined with poor white farmers who had created the Farmers' Alliance ● In 1886, African American farmers established the Colored Farmers' National Alliance ● The Populist Party formed in 1891 and attracted many African American farmers as well ● This posed a major challenge to the Democratic Party in the South

Taking Away the Vote ● Southern states found ways to make it almost impossible for blacks to vote, while still abiding by the 15 th amendment ● In 1890, Mississippi began requiring all citizens registering to vote to pay a poll tax of $2, which most poor African Americans could not come up with ● A literacy test was also enforced to be able to vote ● The “grandfather clause”, was another enforced restriction

Segregation is Legalized ● Jim Crow Laws came into effect in the South that enforced discrimination ● Whites found ways around the 14 th amendment which allowed them to not allow African Americans in private organizations such as hotels, theaters, etc. ● Soon, African Americans and Whites could not ride together in the railroad cars, eat in the same dining halls, or even drink from the same fountains

Plessy Vs. Ferguson ● In 1892, an African American named Homer Plessy challenged a Louisiana law that forced him to ride in a seperate railroad car from whites ● The court upheld the law, but instead created a new doctrine of “seperate but equal” facilities which in reality were not equal at all

Lynchings ● Lynchings were hangings of the African Americans without proper court proc*eedings ● There was an average of 187 lynchings a year ● Ida B. Wells launched a fearless crusade against lynching

Compromise ● Booker T. Washington was one of the most famous African Americans of the late nineteenth century ● He was influential educator and proposed that African Americans concentrate on achieving economic goals rather than political ones ● In the Atlanta Compromise, he urged African Americans to postpone the fight for civil rights and instead concentrate on preparing themselves educationally and vocationally for full equality

Rejection ● W. E. B. Du Bois was an African American who opposed Washington's idea of postponing the fight for civil rights even termporarily ● ● The battle for all of their rights to be gained back would be long opposed, and were not resolved for years to come ● They faced more discrimination back then than ever before, and how they over came is an amazing thing