Thursday Take out a pencil and your notebooks! TAXONOMY

 an abbreviation formed from the initial letters of other words and pronounced as a word ACRONYMS

cst CENTRAL STANDARD TIME

nba NATIONAL BASKETBALL ASSOCIATION

lol LAUGHING OUT LOUD

ttyl TALK TO YOU LATER

omg OH MY GOSH

DKPCOFGSDKPCOFGS COME UP WITH AN ACRONYM (ON YOUR OWN)-MUST BE APPROPRIATE

 DEAR  KING  PHILLIP  CAME  OVER  FOR  GOOD  SPAGHETTI COME UP WITH AN ACRONYM

 DOMAIN  KINGDOM  PHYLUM  CLASS  ORDER  FAMILY  GENUS  SPECIES CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

 WHAT IS IT?  Classification of Plants, animals, fungi, Protist, and Monera  Grab your books! TAXONOMY!

 Fill in the blank Notes  Biological Classification worksheet THURSDAY HOMEWORK

Friday TAXONOMY

 Take out section 1 notes and a pen or pencil FRIDAY

Essential Question: What is classifying? VOCABULARY: Classification Dichotomous Key

Objectives: 1. You will be able to explain why classification systems are important. 2.You will be able to demonstrate your understanding with a dichotomous key.

How many different types of music are there? Rap, classic … Country, heavy metal … Rock, dance … Hip hop, children ’ s …

Could you imagine shopping at a music store which did not separate their CD ’ s by type? Or artist But just left them in a pile!

IMAGINE: Shopping at a shoe store where boys, girls, men, women ’ s and kids shoes were all mixed together? Would it work? Would you go back? How are shoe stores typically classified?

Why do Scientists Classify? To make things easier To groups things

Classification: 1.organization into groups or categories. 2.Categorization of a population by common characteristics which the population has or does not have. 3.Make sure characteristics are observations and not inferences !

INSECTS

Those with wings Those without wings Two Group System: Dichotomous Key

INSECTS Those with wings Those without wings Two Group System: Dichotomous Key

Animals

Animals WITH 4 legs Animals NOT 4 legs

Animals Animals WITH 4 legs Animals NOT 4 legs

Animals Animals with 4 legs Animals NOT with 4 legs Has a Tail No Tail Has wings No wings Dichotomous Key 2 Groups 2 Levels

Animals Animals with 4 legs Animals with 2 legs Has a Tail No Tail Has wings No wings Dichotomous Key 2 Groups 2 Levels

 Pegasus-In Greek mythology, the winged horse that sprang from the blood of the Gorgon Medusa when she was decapitated by the hero Perseus. He carried Bellerophon in his fight with the chimera, and was later transformed into a constellation.Gorgonchimera  Centaur-In Greek mythology, a creature half human and half horse, wild and lawless. Chiron, the mentor of the hero Heracles and tutor of the god of medicine Asclepius, was an exception. Their home was said to be on Mount Pelion, Thessaly.  Griffin-Mythical monster, the supposed guardian of hidden treasure, with the body, tail, and hind legs of a lion, and the head, forelegs, and wings of an eagle, though in classical times all four legs were those of a lion.  Dragon-Mythical monster, can grow hundreds of feet long, has a snake-like body, four legs, 1-3 reptile like heads, 2 wings, scaled and breathes fire.  Chimera-In Greek mythology, a fire-breathing animal with a lion's head and foreparts, a goat's middle, a dragon's rear, sometimes heads of all 3. Alternately, any apparent hybrid of two or more creatures.  Hydra-In Greek mythology, a huge monster with nine heads, four legs, spiked tail, and scales. If one were cut off, two would grow in its place.

Monday TAXONOMY

TO DO for today:  Clear off tables and take out a pencil  Check Homework  Section 2 Notes Answer the following in your notes:  What are homologous, analogous, and vestigial structures?  Give an example of each. MONDAY

Classification Notes

The 3 domains Eukarya Bacteria Archaea

Figure 10.1 The Three-Domain System

Table 10.1

Why do we classify things? Supermarket aisles Libraries Classes Teams/sports Members of a family Roads Cities Money

What is classification? Classification: putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics Taxonomy: the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms

Early classification Aristotle grouped everything into simple groups such as animals or plants He then grouped animals according to if they had blood or didn’t have blood, and if they had live young or laid eggs, and so on…

Binomial Nomenclature Developed by Carolus Linnaeus Swedish Biologist 1700’s Two-name system Genus and species named using Latin or Greek words

Rules used to write scientific names Homo sapiens Genus -written first Species- written second The genus is Capitalized; the species is written in lower case Scientific names of organisms are always italicized or underlined Escherichia Coli= E. Coli

Modern Taxonomy The Evidence used to classify into taxon groups 1) Embryology 2) Chromosomes / DNA 3) Biochemistry 4) Physiology 5) Evolution 6) Behavior You can’t forget it!

The modern system of classification has 8 levels: 1. Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species

Helpful way to remember the 8 levels Dumb kids playing catch on freeways get squashed Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti Or…use your own… D K P C O F G S

Using the Classification System Field guides help identify organisms. -they highlight differences between similar organisms (like trees) Taxonomic Key (Dichotomous Key) -paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms

Taxonomic Key  1a Fruits occur singly Go to 3  1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more Go to 2  2a Fruits are round Grapes  2b Fruits are elongate Bananas  3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh Oranges  3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh Go to 4  4a More than one seed per fruit Apples  4b One seed per fruit Go to 5  5a Skin covered with fuzz Peaches  5b Skin smooth, without fuzz Plums What steps would you use to identify an apple?

Cladogram questions Using the cladogram, which animals have claws/nails? Which animals have fur/mammary glands? To what is the chimp most closely related to?

Ingroup – group studied Outgroup – group not part of ingroup, used to “root” tree

Is a hippopotamus more closely related to a pig or to a whale? Be able to defend your answer!

HIPPO WHALE Based on physical comparisons (particularly dental structure and number of toes) it was originally thought that hippos were most closely related to pigs but DNA analysis indicates that hippos are more closely related to whales!

Evolutionary Link Whales and hippos had a common water-loving ancestor 50 to 60 million years ago that evolved and split into two groups: The cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) The pig-like anthracotheres – died out less than 2.5 million years ago, leaving only the hippo as a descendent

Cladogram

Cladograms are used to… Organize organisms based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny). In other words… who is related to who and where did we come from…

How are cladograms constructed? Organisms are grouped together based on their shared derived characteristics (trait modified from the ancestral trait). What is the ingroup? What is the outgroup?

Cladogram construction Given a table of derived characters (traits), create a cladogram

Step Two – Convert the Venn Diagram into a Cladogram Vertebrae Shark Two pairs of limbs Bullfrog Mammary Glands Kangaroo Placenta Human

Convert the Venn Diagram into a Cladogram Earthworm Trout Lizard Human Vertebrae Legs Hair

Independent Practice Problems:

Tuesday TAXONOMY

Today:  Take out your homework  Take our your notebook and a pencil! Answer this question in your notebooks!  What is natural selection?  Adaptation?  Fitness?  Variation?  Give an example of each! TUESDAY

 Take off pods  Keep the quadrant(foam)  Keep the wicks  Take out plants and throw them out PLANTS

 Please read the first two pages to understand what we will be doing!  To the left of the organisms number on the first page. Please write one of the following  A for autotroph  H for heterotroph  D for decomposer ALIEN TAXONOMY

Wednesday TAXONOMY

Today:  Take Alien Taxonomy  Take our your notebook and a pencil! Answer this question in your notebooks!  What is natural selection?  Adaptation?  Fitness?  Variation?  Give an example of each! WEDNESDAY

 Once I have checked your genus and species name, please begin your dichotomous key  You only need to complete one kingdom!  After your Key is complete, you may draw  The food web will be extra credit! ALIEN TAXONOMY

Thursday TAXONOMY

No talking allowed once the bell rings COME IN GRAB A TEXTBOOK FOR YOURSELF AND TAKE A SEAT

 TESTING ENVIRONMENT  You can retake both or just one (multiple choice and/or written)  NO TALKING OR SHARING NOTES(even if you are done)  Failure to follow this rule will result in loss of privileges for test corrections  You will retake the entire multiple choice test but write it out on a sheet of paper  Name  Form A or B (if you forget it, you keep your original grade)  #1-30  Changes in multiple choice  FORM B-#17-The word wrongly is crossed out  FORM A-#8-The word wrongly is crossed out  Last multiple choice questions-A=true, B=false  Written(write out answers on a sheet of paper)  Name  Form  #1-5-Please write out your responses  NO extra credit question this time THURSDAY