Thomas C. Stone U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ USA GSICS Research Working Group Meeting EUMETSAT 24−28 March 2014 Using the Moon as a Radiometric.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Preliminary Study of Lunar Calibration for Geostationary Imagers Japanese Multi-functional Transport SATellite-2 (MTSAT-2) incorporates the special device.
Advertisements

Use of the Moon as an On-orbit Calibration Source Thomas C. Stone US Geological Survey, Flagstaff AZ Hugh Kieffer Celestial Reasonings, Carson City NV.
Rachel Klima (on behalf of the MASCS team) JHU/APL MASCS/VIRS Data Users’ Workshop LPSC 2014, The Woodlands, TX March 17,2014 MASCS Instrument & VIRS Calibration.
SNPP VIIRS On-Orbit Calibration for Ocean Color Applications MODIS / VIIRS Science Team Meeting May 2015 Gene Eplee, Kevin Turpie, Gerhard Meister, and.
Ocean Color Radiometer Measurements of Long Island Sound Coastal Observational platform (LISCO): Comparisons with Satellite Data & Assessments of Uncertainties.
Radiometric Calibration PROBA-V QWG #2. PRESENTATION OUTLINE »Introduction »Stability of PROBA-V »ICP updates since QWG#1 »Outlook »Moon calibration GSICS.
Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) Review 09 – 11 March 2010 Image: MODIS Land Group, NASA GSFC March 2000 Image: MODIS Land Group,
Use of the Moon as a calibration reference for NPP VIIRS Frederick S. Patt, Robert E. Eplee, Robert A. Barnes, Gerhard Meister(*) and James J. Butler NASA.
Japan Meteorological Agency, June 2016 Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites - CGMS JMA’s Cal/Val activities Presented to CGMS-44 Working Group.
COMS Visible Channel Calibration Dohyeong KIM Ho-Seung LEE Won-Seok LEE Tae-Hyeong OH Sunmi NA National Meteorological Satellite Center Korea Meteorological.
Lunar Calibration based on SELENE/SP data
NOAA VIIRS Team GIRO Implementation 8/30/2016 Taeyoung (Jason) Choi, Xi Shao, Changyong Cao, Fuzhong Weng For Lunar Calibration Web Meeting.
A.K. Mitra, Shailesh Parihar, S.K. Peshin Ministry of Earth Sciences
PLEIADES Lunar Observations Sophie Lachérade, Bertrand Fougnie
Description of the giro ON THE DETAILS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION
NOAA VIIRS Team GIRO Implementation Updates
PREPARATION OF THE GiRO executable
Status Report and Synergetic Approach to GOES Visible Channel Calibration NOAA GPRC 23 March 2011.
Tim Hewison (1) Sébastien Wagner (1), Tom Stone (2), Gary Fowler (1)
Calibrating the METEOSAT SEVIRI solar channels using lunar observations Sébastien Wagner (1) Bartolomeo Viticchie (1), Tom Stone (2), Tim Hewison(1), Gary.
EUMETSAT’s Lunar Calibration Capabilities
Update on Lunar Calibration Development
Progress toward DCC Demo product
JMA lunar calibration report [MTSAT-2 and GMS-5]
Lunar Calibration Workshop Activities
Fangfang Yu and Xiangqian Wu
Technical Expectations from Organizers & Participants B. Fougnie, S
Fangfang Yu and Xiangqian Wu
MODIS and VIIRS Reflective Solar Bands Calibration Methodologies and
The ROLO Lunar Calibration System Description and Current Status
Verifying the DCC methodology calibration transfer
GOES-16 ABI Lunar Data Preparation to GIRO
Using SCIAMACHY to calibrate GEO imagers
GOES-East DCC analysis
Sébastien Wagner (1) Tom Stone (2), Gary Fowler (1), Tim Hewison (1)
Data Preparation for Using the ROLO / GIRO Model
MODIS Lunar Calibration Data Preparation and Results for GIRO Testing
Combining Vicarious Calibrations
Introduction of the SCIAMACHY SBAF web tool
Update on Advancing Development of the ROLO Lunar Calibration System
Future Developments of the Lunar Calibration System
CALIBRATION over the Moon An introduction to « POLO »
Toru Kouyama Supported by SELENE/SP Team HISUI calibration WG
Lunar INTER-CALIBRAION of AHI with MODIS
Data Preparation for ASTER
Using the Moon for Sensor Calibration Inter- comparisons
Characterizing DCC as invariant calibration target
Update on the GIRO Benchmark
Lunar reflectance model based on SELENE/SP data
Effort toward Characterization of Selected Lunar Sites for the Radiometric Calibration of Solar Reflective Bands Fangfang Yu1, Xi Shao1, Xiangqian Wu2.
Himawari-8 Launch and its calibration approaches
GOES Imager Lunar Calibration: Angular Variation of the Scan Mirror Visible Reflectivity Fangfang Yu (ERT, Xiangqian Wu(NOAA/NESDIS), Tom Stone(USGS),
National Satellite Meteorological Centre
Moving toward inter-calibration using the Moon as a transfer
Lunar Observation Data for GIRO Landsat–8 Operational Land Imager
Lu Zhang, Peng Zhang , Xiuqing Hu, Lin Chen
Current Status of ROLO and Future Development
Moving toward inter-calibration using the Moon as a transfer
Lunar calibration of COMS visible channel using GIRO
Using VIIRS I or M band as the calibration reference
Strawman Plan for Inter-Calibration of Solar Channels
Inter-band calibration using the Moon
GSICS Annual Meeting March 06, 2019 Frascati, Italy
goes-16/17 abi lunar calibration
Discussion on Solar Spectra for Vis/NIR Calibrations
Lunar irradiance measurement and modelling
Bertrand Fougnie, Sophie Lachérade (CNES)
Revising the ROLO Lunar Model — A Status Update
Lunar Calibration Workshop Activities
Toward a synergy between on-orbit lunar observations
Presentation transcript:

Thomas C. Stone U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ USA GSICS Research Working Group Meeting EUMETSAT 24−28 March 2014 Using the Moon as a Radiometric Reference for Cross–Calibration

The Moon as a calibration light source for reflected solar wavelengths The Moon can be regarded as a solar diffuser whose reflectance has stabilized over ~10 9 years. External, spatially extended source Always available to Earth-orbiting instruments To use the reflected light from the Moon for calibration: 1. Instruments must view the Moon 2. A reference for the lunar brightness must be provided The lunar reference must predict the brightness variations due to: the lunar phases, and the effects of non-uniform surface albedo non-Lambertian reflectance (scattering phase function)

Lunar radiometric reference — irradiance Experience with calibrating against the Moon has shown the practical quantity to use is spatially integrated irradiance. Simplifies specification of the lunar reference Increases signal-to-noise of measurements from images Avoids the need for spatial registration of images The lunar irradiance reference is provided by computations of a numerical model. Developed by fitting an extensive set of measurements from the Robotic Lunar Observatory (ROLO) Results effectively normalize the lunar brightness for different views of the Moon

Lunar irradiance comparisons A time series of measured-to-reference lunar irradiance ratios shows a sensor’s response change with time. Example: GOES Visible channel imagers Moon images found in archives of meteorological data (e.g. CLASS) GOES−13 Northern Hemisphere 28 January :45

Lunar irradiance comparisons A time series of measured-to-reference lunar irradiance ratios shows a sensor’s response change with time. Example: GOES Visible channel imagers Raw pixel counts converted to radiance using constant (pre- launch) coefficients

Time-dependent calibration equations were developed for GOES−8 through 13 from fitting these lunar response trends. pixel radiance L pix in Watts/(m 2 sr μm) ( t ‒ t 0 ) in days since t 0 Applying these radiance conversions to the GOES Vis imager data removes the trends and places the sensors on the same radiometric scale. This development should be checked against other vicarious calibration techniques.

Some technical details of the ROLO lunar model Model development and operation are done in terms of lunar disk-equivalent reflectance A, for the 32 ROLO bands ( k ): 328 coefficients, determined by fitting ROLO measurement dataset driver for this model form was minimizing the fit residuals mean absolute residual is in lnA, ~1% in irradiance

An example: NPP−VIIRS observation of the Moon acquired 10 February 2014 □ symbols are A k from the lunar model equation Solid line is a reference lunar reflectance spectrum, fitted to the A k values. The fitted spectrum is convolved with the instrument band relative spectral response functions and solar spectrum to give irradiances.

A second example: MODIS−Aqua lunar observation acquired 16 October 2002 Seven MODIS ocean color bands coincide with VIIRS bands M1–M7. The similar geometry of the observations means the lunar disk reflectance spectra are nearly the same.

□ and ◊ symbols are lunar irradiance measurements from VIIRS and MODIS images. The reference lunar irradiance is nearly the same for both instruments. There are notable differences in sensor response to the similar lunar source. Spectral convolution and corrections for Sun–Moon and Moon– spacecraft distances typically lead to different lunar irradiance predictions, but these two cases come very close to each other.

Conclusions The given example of VIIRS and MODIS lunar observations demonstrates the capability for cross-calibration using the Moon as an external reference, observed by both instruments under similar conditions but at different times. ― The lunar calibration system can support cross-comparisons such as these for any lunar observation geometry within the valid range of the irradiance model. ― The accuracy of these comparisons is governed by the relative precision of the lunar irradiance model, ~1%. The collection of Moon observations from the GOES imagers demonstrates the capability to correct sensor response trends, and place the series of instruments on the same radiometric scale, referenced to the lunar calibration system.