HISTORY – SEC 3 EXAM DAY REVIEW IMPORTANT EVENTS…

THE FIRST OCCUPANTS The 3 main native groups found in Quebec INUIT – ALGONQUIAN - IROQUOIS - Location?Where do they live in Quebec? - Social organization? Matriarchy or Patriarchy - Way of life? Sedentary or Nomadic - Subsistence activities? What do they do to meet their basic needs of food and shelter?

THE FIRST OCCUPANTS

THE EMERGENCE OF A SOCIETY IN NEW FRANCE Exploration began as European nations were seeking riches, resources and a route to Asia. They came for the: and stayed for the: France practiced the theory of Mercantilism. The population of New France was sparse. Few people were needed to work in the fur trade industry. The colony focused on exports and trade.

THE EMERGENCE OF A SOCIETY IN NEW FRANCE

At first the colony is ruled by the Company of 100 Associates. In 1663 the King puts New France under his direct control by creating “Royal Government”. Under Royal Government the first Intendant aimed to increase the population, bring over different crops and diversify the economy. New France goes from a trading colony to a settlement colony.

NEW FRANCE

THE CHANGE OF EMPIRE (AKA THE CONQUEST) CAUSES OF THE CONQUEST CONSEQUENCES OF THE CONQUEST (WHAT HAPPENED AFTER THE WAR…) FRANCE DIDN’T INVEST ENOUGH RESOURCES (MONEY, SOLDIERS, SHIPS) 2 GENERALS DIE ON THE BATTLEFIELD OUTSIDE QUEBEC CITY FRANCE WAS MORE INTERESTED IN CONQUERING EUROPE THAN HELPING ITS COLONY (COLONIAL POLICY) MONTREAL SURRENDERS (CAPITULATES) NEW FRANCE WAS A HUGE TERRITORY TO DEFEND…AND THERE WAS ONLY A SMALL POPULATION LIVING THERE. RIGHT AFTER THE WAR THERE IS NO FORMAL GOVERNMENT…THERE IS MILITARY RULE. SO, THE BRITSH WIN THE 7 YEARS WAR THE WAR ENDS IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA WITH THE SIGINING OF THE TREATY OF PARIS IN 1763.

THE CHANGE OF EMPIRE FIRST CONSTITUTION: ROYAL PROCLAMATION

THE CHANGE OF EMPIRE SECOND CONSTITUTION: QUEBEC ACT 1774

THE CHANGE OF EMPIRE American Revolution in 13 Colonies (1776) Loyalists arrive in Quebec & Ontario. They bring with them the Protestant religion, the English language and ideas of liberalism. The British Government considers changes to the government due to the arrival of the Loyalists…new constitution time! #3 THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT 1791

THE CHANGE OF EMPIRE THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT OF 1791

DEMANDS AND STRUGGLES IN THE BRITISH COLONY There were problems with the government structure set up by the Constitutional Act. The Legislative Assembly had very little power, while the Governor had veto power. The executive and legislative councils were appointed (not elected). The political partie called the Partie Patriote was formed. It was led by Louis Joseph Papineau. The group was made up of the Professional Bourgeoisie. Inspired by liberal ideas, they demanded for more rights for the Canadiens.

DEMANDS AND STRUGGLES IN THE BRITISH COLONY The Partie Patriote wanted Responsible Government…and to solve the problems of the Constitutional Act. So, the 92 Resolutions were sent to Britain.

DEMANDS AND STRUGGLES IN THE BRITISH COLONY When the 92 Resolutions were largely rejected, the Partie Patriote organized Rebellions.

DEMANDS AND STRUGGLES IN THE BRITISH COLONY After the Rebellions, Lord Durham was sent from Britain to examine the causes.

DEMANDS & STRUGGLES IN THE BRITISH COLONY CONSTITUTION # 4: ACT OF UNION

THE FORMATION OF THE CANADIAN FEDERATION A range of problems in the last half of the 1800’s caused the need for the British colonies in North America to consider the idea of a union…CONFEDERATION.

THE FORMATION OF THE CANADIAN FEDERATION The federal government wanted to expand westward onto Metis territory. The Metis were opposed to giving up their land and therefore rebelled. The Metis were led by Louis Riel. The relations between the Metis and the Canadian government were forever changed. Indian Act of 1876: creation of reserves and the ultimate goal of assimilation.

THE FORMATION OF THE CANADIAN FEDERATION

Prime Minster John A MacDonald created a “plan” to unify Canada and improve it’s economy. This was called National Policy. 1. Create high protective tariffs (taxes) on products that were bought outside Canada and imported here. This would protect Canada’s industries, and encourage everyone to buy Canadian products instead of American. 2. Build a railway 3. Increase/encourage immigration

THE FORMATION OF THE CANADIAN FEDERATION At the same time Canadian cities are starting to grow. Many people in rural areas begin moving to the cities to find work. This growth of cities is called urbanization.

THE FORMATION OF THE CANADIAN FEDERATION With the growth of cities (URBANIZATION) came changes in Industrialization too.

THE FORMATION OF THE CANADIAN FEDERATION WW1 IN EUROPE CAUSED BY: Militarism Alliances Industrialization Nationalism (extreme) *** The assassination of Franz Ferdinand was then the trigger for War. In Canada we were obligated to go to war for Britain because Britain still controlled our foreign affairs. This caused division amongst some Canadiens.

THE FORMATION OF THE CANADIAN FEDERATION  In July 1917, the federal government adopted CONSCRIPTION, which forced young men to serve as soldiers in the war.  In favour: those who supported the British Empire. These were mostly English Canadians.  Against: those who wanted more political autonomy for Canada. These were mostly French Canadians. They wanted to cut ties to Britain.

REACTIONS TO CONSCRIPTION An anti-conscription parade held in Montreal. Most French Canadiens were against conscription because they did not want to support Britain. They wanted Canada to have the right to make decisions on their own.

ESSAY QUESTION: REASONS FOR CONFEDERATION CONFEDERATION SOLVED PROBLEMS. 1. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS 2. POLITICAL PROBLEMS 3. MILITARY PROBLEMS