Bellringer 10/2 DNA: GTC AAA CGT TGA ATG GTC CCT ATG mRNA: tRNA: Amino Acids:

Genetic Engineering  Manipulation of DNA for practical purposes

Technology used in genetic engineering is called DNA TECHNOLOGY or BIOTECHNOLOGY. Used to: ▫Identify genes for a specific trait ▫Transfer genes from one organism to another ▫Make medicines ▫Identify individuals ▫Identifying and cataloging endangering species (GENE BANK)

Gel Electrophoresis Separates molecules according to size and electrical charge. Uses a chamber that: ▫Is filled with a liquid buffer ▫Has a positive and a negative side ▫Has a gel that DNA travels through

How it works…

Restriction enzyme: BamHI recognition sequence G A A T T C C T T A A C C G T A C G T A G A A T T C A T C A A C T G C A T G C A T C T T A A G T A G T T G A

3. Since DNA has a negative charge, when you turn the chamber on, the fragments of DNA will move towards the positive end of the chamber. Wells DNA Movement

4. Smaller fragments will travel the farthest, some of the larger fragments may not move at all. Smallest Fragment

Once the gel is complete, it is possible to have a DNA FINGERPRINT of an individual. How many DNA fingerprints are in the picture to the right?

Which fingerprint matches the bloodstain? The fingerprint may be used to prove the guilt or innocence of an individual.

The fingerprint may also be used to determine parentage or whether a group of people are related.

Complete the two short gel electrophoresis virtual labs (found on my webpage under LINKS). Answer the following questions as your complete the virtual labs: 1.What are the steps of DNA fingerprinting? 2.How is DNA fingerprinting similar to actual fingerprinting, and how is it different? 3.How conclusive is the evidence of DNA fingerprinting? 4.What is the possibility of error? If there is a possibility of error, describe the sources of error.