Data: Normal Distribution J. C. F. Gauss Central Limit Theorem Symmetry around μ μ is the confluence of the mean, median, and mode of the data μ splits the data in half

Pareto Principle (20/80 Rule) 20% of producers produce 80% of output 20% of peapods produce 80% of peas 20% of inventory produces 80% of sales 20% of customers produce 80% of sales 20% of people own 80% of wealth 20% of people consume 80% of resources 20% of time spent working produces 80% of work produced (time management)

Pareto Principle (80/20 Rule) Problems: Increasingly, it doesn’t always apply It is a pre-information age model Worked well for traditional retail & product distribution Internet is changing these rules WHY?

Key Metrics Changing the Ground Rules 1.) The key factor that determines whether a sales distribution channel has a long tail is the cost of inventory, storage, and distribution 2.) By greatly lowering search costs, information technology in general and Internet markets in particular could substantially increase sales of hard-to-find products, thereby creating a longer tail in the distribution of sales. when storage and distribution costs are high, only the most popular products can be sold (limited shelf space, cost of items in stock) When technology makes inventory,storage, and distribution costs much lower, it becomes economically viable to sell relatively unpopular products Netflix, Amazon – can sell a much wider variety of products; even small quantity items become profitable Increasingly, these companies find that that in the aggregate, "unpopular" item sales revenues are greater than popular items. Lengthen and Widen (“Fatten”) the Long Tail

Long Tail Distribution Variety > bestsellers Netflix Amazon iTunes There’s money in the tail Advertising products Google Yahoo Bing Travel bookings How does a company “fatten the tail?”

Netflix Long Tail “…gets most of its profits from a large number of infrequently requested movies rather than from few large and profitable movies.”

In Class Activity Box Office Mojo 2015

TitleRankGross Sales Jurassic World1$652,071,496 Ant-Man10$179,527,466 Taken 325$89,256,424 McFarland USA50$44,482,410 Ex Machina75$25,442,958 Testament of Youth150$1,822,250 The Hunting Ground225$405,917 Cambodia300$133,443 Charlie's Country375$42,937 Eastern Boys450$16,831 The Riot Club525$6,041 United Passions600$607 Results

Analysis Average $ 13,618, Median $ 130, Mode $ 2, Top Movie $ 652,071, Movies 80 through 604 (524 movies) $ 656,358, Movies 1 through 17 (17 movies) $ 4,097,664, Movies 17 through 604 (587 movies) $ 4,128,027,585.00

Bibliography the-long-tail/ the-long-tail/ date&view2=domestic&yr=2015&p=.htm date&view2=domestic&yr=2015&p=.htm