HIME 2002: History of the Modern Middle East Professor Elizabeth F. Thompson Lecture 18

Reza Shah and Mustafa Kemal Ataturk

Mustafa Kemal greets Halide Edip at Gebze train station, April 1920

Ankara and Tehran at end of Ataturk and Reza Shah’s reigns

Turkey

Ismet Inonu, President of Turkey,

Nazim Hikmet, Turkish poet and communist You love your country as the nearest, most precious thing to you. But one day, for example, they may endorse it over to America, and you, too, with your great freedom- you have the freedom to become an air-base. You may proclaim that one must live not as a tool, a number or a link but as a human being- then at once they handcuff your wrists. From “A Sad State of Freedom”

Adnan Menderes and Celal Bayar, co-founders of Demokrat Party (1946)

“Enough! Let the Nation speak!” Demokrat Party poster, 1950

Menderes at Demokrat Party rally

Celal Bayar, elected president of Turkey, 1950

Halide Edib, elected to parliament, 1950

Ahmet Emin Yalman

Turkish border patrol, 1951 at Kars, near Soviet border

Anti-Greek riots in Istanbul, 1955

May 1960 coup: Arrest and execution of Menderes

Iran

Mohammad Reza Shah, 1941

Mohammad Mossadeq, 1919

Majles (Parliament) in Tehran, 1950s

Abadan oil refinery, early 1950s

Demonstration to support oil nationalization Tehran, early 1950s

Mohammad Mossadeq

Pro-Mossadeq Demonstration

Iranian coup, 1953

Kermit Roosevelt, Jr.

Soldiers Surround Iranian Parliament, August 1953

Shah returns to Iran, 1953

Coronation of Shah, 1967