EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.1

2

3 It was founded in 1209 A.D. The University of Cambridge located in the City of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom, is the second oldest university in the English-speaking world and the fourth oldest in Europe. In post-nominals the name is abbreviated as Cantab., a shortened form of Cantabrigiensis. Academically, Cambridge is consistently ranked in the world's top five universities and as a premier leading university in Europe by numerous media and academic rankings. The University's alumni include 85 Nobel Laureates as of 2009.The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities, the Coimbra Group, the League of European Research Universities and the International Alliance of Research Universities.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.4 Newton was a student of the University of Cambridge. From the time of Isaac Newton in the later 17 th century until the mid-19 th century, the university maintained a strong emphasis on mathematics. Study of this subject was compulsory for graduation, and students were required to take an exam for the Bachelor of Arts degree, the main first degree at Cambridge in both arts and science subjects. This exam is known as a Tripos. The Isaac Newton Institute, is regarded as the UK’s national research institute for mathematics and theoretical physics.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.5 Contributions to the advancement of science Many of the most important scientific discoveries and revolutions were made by Cambridge alumni. These include: Understanding the scientific method, by Francis Bacon The laws of motion, by Sir Isaac Newton The discovery of the electron, by J. J. Thomson The splitting of the atom by Sir John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton The unification of electromagnetism, by James Clerk Maxwell The discovery of hydrogen, by Henry Cavendish Evolution by natural selection, by Charles Darwin The Turing machine, a basic model for computation, by Alan Turing The structure of DNA, by Francis Crick and James D. Watson Pioneering quantum mechanics, by Paul Dirac Hugh Balsham, Bishop of Ely, founded Peterhouse in 1284, Cambridge’s first college. Many colleges were founded during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, but colleges continued to be established throughout the centuries to modern times, although there was a gap of 204 years between the founding of Sidney Sussex in 1596 and Downing in The most recent college established is Robinson, built in the late 1970s. However, Hughes Hall only achieved full university college status in April 2007, making it the newest full college.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.6

7 There are 38 colleges of the University of Oxfordcolleges of the University of Oxford and 6 Permanent Private Halls, each with its own internalPermanent Private Halls structure and activities. [14] All resident students, and most academic staff, must be members both of a college or hall, and of the university. The heads of Oxford colleges are known by various titles, according to the college, including warden, provost, principal, president, rector, master or dean. The colleges join together as the Conference of Colleges to discuss policy and to deal with the central University administration.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.8 Teaching members of the colleges (fellows and tutors) are collectively and familiarly known as dons (though the term is rarely used by members of the university itself). In addition to residential and dining facilities, the colleges provide social, cultural, and recreational activities for their members. Colleges have responsibility for admitting undergraduates and organizing their tuition; for graduates, this responsibility falls upon the departments.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.9

10 ETH was founded in 1854 by the Swiss Confederation opened its doors in 1855 as a polytechnic institute (Eidgenössische Polytechnische Schule). It comprised in the beginning six departments: architecture, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry, forestry, and a catch-all department for mathematics, natural sciences, literature, and social and political sciences.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.11 ETH is not selective in its undergraduate admission procedures. Like every public university in Switzerland, ETH is obliged to grant admission to every Swiss citizen who took the Matura. However, most applicants from foreign countries are required to take either the reduced entrance exam or the comprehensive entrance exam; an applicant can be admitted to ETH even without any verifiable educational records by passing the comprehensive entrance exam.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.12

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.13

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.14

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.15

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.16

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.17

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.18

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.19 The main building of the Lomonosov Moscow State University at Sparrow Hills in the city's south-west.

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.20

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.21

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.22

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.23

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.24

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.25

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.26

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.27

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.28

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.29

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.30

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.31

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.32

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.33

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.34

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.35

EDUCATIONAL PLACES OF EUROPE.36