1 NA61/SHINE physics program: -Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement, -Neutrino physics, -Cosmic-ray physics NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS Proposal: CERN-SPSC , SPSC-P-330 (November 3, 2006) LoI: CERN-SPSC , SPSC-I-235 (January 6, 2006) EoI: CERN-SPSC , SPSC-EOI-001 (November 21, 2003) (SHINE – SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment)

2 First physics results Physics goals Detector and data taking JINR participation in NA61

3 T2K Measures initial neutrino flux Measures final neutrino flux Measuring neutrino oscillations Physics goals:

4 Measuring cosmic-ray composition Pierre Auger Observatory p? Fe?

5 Baryochemical potential (MeV) Temperature (MeV) critical point 1 st order phase transition water strongly interacting matter Study the onset of deconfinement and Search for the critical point

6 Study the onset of deconfinement Onset of Deconfinement: early stage hits transition line, observed signals: kink, horn, step T µBµB energy Kink Horn Step collision energy hadron production properties AGS SPS RHIC

7 Search for the critical point Critical Point: freeze-out close to critical point, and system large enough, expected signal: a hill in fluctuations T µBµB energy A Pb+Pb

8 NA49: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A430, 210 (1999) NA61 upgrades: CERN-SPSC , SPSC-P-330 NA49 facility + TPC read-out (x10) ToF (x2) PSD (x10) Beam pipe (x10) Detector and data taking

9 Large acceptance: ≈50% High momentum resolution: Good particle identification: High detector efficiency: > 95% at full magnetic field Event rate: 70 events/sec TPC dE/dx ToF-dE/dx PID Detector performance

10 Data taking period: July 26 – November 16 Aim: high statistics data for: - T2K: p+C and p+(T2K RT) at 31 GeV/c - cosmic-ray: π+C at 158 and 350 GeV/c - CP, OD: p+p at GeV/c Registered in 2009: p+C at 31 GeV/c p+(T2K RT) at 31 GeV/c pion+C at 158 GeV/c pion+C at 350 GeV/c p+p at 20 GeV/c p+p at 31 GeV/c p+p at 40 GeV/c p+p at 80 GeV/c p+p at 158 GeV/c 2009: first physics run

11 MD – Machine development MP - Machine problems TC - Target Change BC - Beam Change 2009 run history

12 Progress and plans in data taking for CP&OD Xe+La energy (A GeV) Pb+Pb B+C Ar+Ca NA61 ion program p+p p+Pb NA49 ( ) 2009/ /11(13) / ? p+p 158 T TT STAR ( ) Au+Au T -test of secondary ion beams ? -beam feasibility under study

13 Relations to MPD at the JINR NICA Three generations of experiments at the CPOD energies: 1. NA49 at the CERN SPS: Discovery of the onset of deconfinement at the low SPS energies ( ≃ 30A GeV). The detector and accelerator chain were not optimized for the performed energy scan. 2. NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS and STAR at the BNL RHIC: Systematic study of the onset of deconfinement and search for the critical point. The old detectors and accelerator chains upgraded/optimized for the new measurements. 3. MPD at the JINR NICA and CBM at the FAIR SIS100/300: Precision study of the onset of deconfinement and dense hadronic matter. Dedicated accelerators and detectors will be constructed.

14 Relations to MPD at the JINR NICA Common NA61-MPD test at the CERB PS of the PSD calorimeter (May 27 – June 8, 2010) Super-module (3 x 3 array) 6 fiber/MAPD 10MAPDs/module Concept of PSD I. Compensation II. Lead/Scintillator sandwich III. Light readout – WLS-fibers to avoid the Cherenkov radiation. IV. Signal readout – Micropixel APD (MAPD) to avoid nuclear counter effect, detection of a few photons signal, compactness, low cost, new technology. V. Longitudinal segmentation – for permanent calibration of scintillators in radiation hard conditions, uniformity of light collection from WLS-fibers, rejection of electrons. VI. Modular design – transverse uniformity of resolution, flexible geometry, simplicity. Tasks of beam test: 1.Feasibility of calibration of individual sections with muons 2.Energy resolution at 1-6 GeV 3.Detector performance at NICA energies 4.Performance of new MAPDs with high dynamical range (Sadygov-Zecotek)

15 Calibration of longitudinal sections with muons. Muon peak (28 p.e./4.4 MeV) !! Pedestal Nicely observed muon peaks – reliable calibration! Good identification/separation of muons, pions and electrons PSD response to 2 GeV beam muons pions electrons Relations to MPD at the JINR NICA: PSD test results

16 T2K acceptance π - spectra for T2K from p+C interactions at 31 GeV/c NA61 preliminary π- π- spectra First physics results:

17 T2K acceptance π + spectra for T2K from p+C interactions at 31 GeV/c NA61 preliminary

18 JINR participation in NA61/SHINE NA61: 131 physicists from 25 institutes and 14 countries: University of Athens, Athens, Greece University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland KFKI IPNP, Budapest, Hungary Cape Town University, Cape Town, South Africa Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia (9) Fachhochschule Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland Jan Kochanowski Univeristy, Kielce, Poland Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia (9) LPNHE, Universites de Paris VI et VII, Paris, France Faculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia (8) State University of New York, Stony Brook, USA KEK, Tsukuba, Japan Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

19 The contribution of the JINR NA61 group to NA61 is of high value and importance The sub-group from DNLP (B. Popov et al.) plays an essential role in: -software development, -organization and maintenance of software libraries, -raw data reconstruction/DST production, -data analysis, -update of the ToF read-out The sub-group from VBLHEP (G. Melkumov et al.) is responsible for -maintenance and operation of the ToF-L/R detectors, -ToF-L/R data calibration and analysis (B. Popov: convener of NA61 software working group and co-convener of the T2K/CR analysis working group) There are typically 5 months per year of regular and expert shifts allocated to JINR participants

20 There is no JINR theme dedicated to NA61 as a whole project. The activity of the VBLHEP sub-group is financed from the theme /2011 which is devoted to to research on the relativistic heavy ions and among other experiments includes the NA61 ion program. The financial support to the NA61 DNLP sub-group remains unclear. In view of the rapidly expanding NA61 activity and its high relevance for current and future JINR projects, as well as keeping in mind a large number of JINR physicists involved in NA61 from different JINR laboratories, it is crucial to increase the JINR support to the project and, in particular, to create a JINR theme dedicated to NA61/SHINE and distribute allocated resources to the sub-groups in VBLHEP, DLNP and other laboratories involved

21 Summary NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS comprises exciting physics goals of neutrino, cosmic-ray and heavy ion physics communities It has the potential to discover the critical point of strongly interacting matter and guarantees a broad set of important precision measurements It uses synergy between various experimental projects: T2K at JPARC, Pierre Auger Observatory, Kascade, as well as MPD at NICA and CBM at FAIR Strong participation of JINR in NA61/SHINE is of high importance for both NA61 and JINR

22 Additional slides

23 The NA61 revised data taking plan FR test-1 (FR test-2) secondary primary (secondary)

24 PRC78: PRD60: arXiv: NA49 search for the critical point First hint of the fluctuation hill?

25 Secondary Ion Beam Line for NA61 Pb primary Pb beam from the SPS secondary light ion beam to NA49 fragmentation target broad spectrum of secondary ions impacts the NA49 target; too high background and too low intensity for NA61 The basic idea The pilot NA49 studies

26 Secondary Ion Beam Line for NA61: -selects beam of nuclei with close Z and A, -further ion identification possible by Z (charge) measurements -momentum per nucleon cannot be changed

27 CP – critical point OD – onset of deconfinement, mixed phase, 1 st order PT HDM – hadrons in dense matter Experimental landscape of complementary programs of nucleus-nucleus collisions around the SPS energies Facility: SPS RHIC NICA SIS-100 (SIS-300) Exp.: NA61 STAR MPD CBM PHENIX Start: 2011(2) (2019) Pb Energy: ≤9 ≤5 (<8.5) (GeV/(N+N)) Event rate: 100 Hz 1 Hz(?) ≤10 kHz ≤10 MHz (at 8 GeV) Physics: CP&OD CP&OD OD&HDM HDM (OD)