Thursday 4/28/16 Learning Target: Learning Target: Know the types, shapes, and growth and reproduction of bacteria. Know the types, shapes, and growth and reproduction of bacteria. Learning Outcome: Learning Outcome: Complete the Bacterial Collection Lab Complete the Bacterial Collection Lab

Ch. 19 – Bacteria Notes

Bacteria Classifying Prokaryotes Classifying Prokaryotes Both Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Both Autotrophs and Heterotrophs No nucleus No nucleus Unicellular = single cell Unicellular = single cell Live in colonies Live in colonies

2 Types of Bacteria Eubacteria Eubacteria Live nearly everywhere—soil, large animal digestive tracts Live nearly everywhere—soil, large animal digestive tracts Cell wall contains peptidoglycan, a carbohydrate Cell wall contains peptidoglycan, a carbohydrate Archaebacteria Archaebacteria Live in extremely harsh environments—thick mud, digestive tracts of animals, salty environments, or hot springs Live in extremely harsh environments—thick mud, digestive tracts of animals, salty environments, or hot springs No peptidoglycan, DNA sequences are more like eukaryotes than eubacteria No peptidoglycan, DNA sequences are more like eukaryotes than eubacteria

Section 19-1 Concept Map are classified into the kingdoms of live in harsh environments such as include a variety of lifestyles such as Bacteria EubacteriaArchaebacteria Infecting large organisms Thick mudLiving in soil Animal digestive tracts Salty lakesHot springs

Peptidoglycan Cell wall Cell membrane Ribosome Flagellum DNA Pili Section 19-1 The Structure of a Eubacterium

Bacteria Identification: Shape  Sphere-Shape (coccus)  Ex. Strep Throat (streptococcus), pneumonia (diplococcus), staph (staphylococcus)

Rod-Shaped (bacillus) Rod-Shaped (bacillus) Ex. Typhoid fever (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT! Ex. Typhoid fever (caused by salmonella: Boil it, peel it, cook it, or FORGET IT! Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!), Transmitted by ingestion of food or water contaminated with feces of infected people. Typhoid Mary – 36 years quarantined!), Botulism (home canned foods or bad seal on canned foods.) Botulism (home canned foods or bad seal on canned foods.)

Spiral-Shaped (spirillum) Spiral-Shaped (spirillum) Ex. Syphilis Ex. Syphilis Congenital syphilis (mom gives it to fetus in utero.)

More types of syphilis (secondary).

Monday 5/2/16 Learning Target: Learning Target: Know how bacteria are identified. Know how bacteria are identified. Learning Outcome: Learning Outcome: Complete the Bacterial Collection Lab Complete the Bacterial Collection Lab

Bacterial Identifcation Cell Wall (chemical nature) – can see the wall by gram-staining! 1. Take-up Crystal Violet (purple) = Gram Positive (Peptidoglycan – Thick Walls) 2. Take-up Safranine (red) = Gram Negative

Bacterial Identifcation Oxygen Use 1. Require Oxygen – AEROBIC 2. NO Oxygen - ANAEROBIC

Bacterial Identifcation 3. Bacterial Movement 1. Flagella – tail 2. Glide along slime (they make this themselves) 3. Some don’t move!

Thursday 5/5/16 Learning Target: Learning Target: Know metabolic diversity and reproduction of bacteria. Know metabolic diversity and reproduction of bacteria. Learning Outcome: Learning Outcome: Complete the Bacteria/Virus Crossword. Complete the Bacteria/Virus Crossword.

Bacteria Metabolic Diversity Metabolic Diversity Heterotrophs Heterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs—must take in organic molecules for energy and supply of carbon Chemoheterotrophs—must take in organic molecules for energy and supply of carbon Photoheterotrophs—photosynthetic, but also need to take in organic compounds as a carbon source Photoheterotrophs—photosynthetic, but also need to take in organic compounds as a carbon source

Bacteria Autotrophs Autotrophs Photoautotrophs—use light energy for photosynthesis Photoautotrophs—use light energy for photosynthesis Chemoautotrophs—use ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrites, sulfur, or iron to perform chemosynthesis Chemoautotrophs—use ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, nitrites, sulfur, or iron to perform chemosynthesis

Growth and Reproduction Bacteria reproduce in three different ways Bacteria reproduce in three different ways 1. Binary Fission – bacteria double in size, double DNA and divide in half (asexual reproduction)

Growth and Reproduction 2. Conjugation – a hollow bridge forms between two bacteria cells and they exchange genetic information (sexual reproduction)

Growth and Reproduction 3. Spore formation – when conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth. 3. Spore formation – when conditions are bad, bacteria form endospores which lay dormant until conditions get better for growth.

Bacteria Human Uses of Bacteria Human Uses of Bacteria E. coli in our intestines help us digest food and make vitamins E. coli in our intestines help us digest food and make vitamins Used in the production of foods and beverages Used in the production of foods and beverages Used in oil spills—can digest petroleum Used in oil spills—can digest petroleum Remove waste products and poisons from water Remove waste products and poisons from water Mine minerals from the ground Mine minerals from the ground Synthesize drugs and chemicals Synthesize drugs and chemicals Nitrogen fixation – usable nitrogen for proteins. Nitrogen fixation – usable nitrogen for proteins.