Inside Sales Customer Service Product Training 11/18/2008

Transformers  History Of The Transformer  What Is A Transformer  Different Types of Transformers  How To Select A Transformer  When To Use A Transformer  Purchasing Information

History Of The Transformer  The transformer principle was demonstrated in 1831 by Michael Faraday, although he used it only to demonstrate the principle of electromagnetic induction  The first widely used transformer was the induction coil, invented by Irish clergyman Nicholas Callan in 1836  William Stanley, an engineer for Westinghouse, built the first commercial device in 1885  This design was first used commercially in The patent application made the first use of the word "transformer"  Russian engineer Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky developed the first three phase transformer in 1889  In 1891 Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil, an air-cored, dual-tuned resonant transformer for generating very high voltages at high frequency  Audio Frequency transformers (at the time called repeating coils) were used by the earliest experimenters in the development of the telephone  Transformers are essential for high voltage power transmission, which makes long distance transmission economically practical

What Is A Transformer  A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled electrical conductors  A changing current in the first circuit (the primary) creates a changing magnetic field. This changing magnetic field induces a changing voltage in the second circuit (the secondary)  If a load is connected to the secondary circuit, electric charge will flow in the secondary winding of the transformer and transfer energy from the primary circuit to the load connected in the secondary circuit  By appropriate selection of the numbers of turns, a transformer thus allows an alternating voltage to be stepped up or stepped down, by making it less

Different Types of Transformers  General Purpose  Low Temperature Rise  Low Voltage  K-Factor  Hazardous Location  Buck-Boost  Drive Isolation  Industrial Control

General Purpose Transformers  Energy efficient Dry-Type 600 volt class  Isolation Type  Single Phase  Three Phase  15kVA through 500kVA  Indoor models  Outdoor models  Compliant to NEMA TP-1 Standards

General Purpose Transformers Accessories & Options  Wall Mounting brackets (500 lbs maximum)  Weather Shields (UL-3R)  Stainless Steel Enclosures  Totally Enclosed Non-Ventilated Designs  Open Core and Coil Designs  Copper Wound Designs  Low Temperature Designs  Fuse kits

Low Temperature Rise Transformers  Designed for any critical application requiring extra overload capability  Lower than average total losses  Cooler operating temperatures.  Available with either a 115°C or 80°C thermal rise and a fully coordinated class 220°C insulation

Low Temperature Rise Transformers Accessories & Options  Wall mounting brackets (500 lbs maximum)  Weather Shields (UL-3R)  Stainless Steel Enclosures  Totally enclosed non-ventilated designs (TENV)  Open core and coil designs  Copper Wound designs

Low Voltage  A low voltage transformer is an electrical device that transforms line voltage (usually 120 volts but sometimes 277 volts) into 12 volts or 24 volts (low voltage)  It is sometimes made by winding two wires around an iron core with one wire connected to the primary side (line voltage side) and the second wire connected to the secondary side (low voltage side)  In the case of low voltage halogen or low voltage xenon lighting the low voltage transformer has an input or primary voltage of 120 volts (sometimes 277 volts) and an output or secondary voltage of 12 volts or 24 volts

K-Factor Transformers  K-factor is a weighting of the harmonic load currents according to their effects on transformer heating, as derived from ANSI/IEEE C A K- factor of 1.0 indicates a linear load (no harmonics). The higher the K-factor, the greater the harmonic heating effects.  When a non-linear load is supplied from a transformer, it is sometimes necessary to derate the transformer capacity to avoid overheating and subsequent insulation failure.  The reason for this is that the increased eddy currents caused by the harmonics increase transformer losses and thus generate additional heat.  The K-Factor is used by transformer manufacturers and their customers to adjust the load rating as a function of the harmonic currents caused by the load(s).

K-Factor Transformers (Cont.)  Conductors to carry harmonics of a K-rated load without exceeding insulation temperature ratings  UL 1561 listed up to K-20 rated protection  Rated temperature rise of 150°C, 220°C insulation  Shielded for quality power  Basic design takes "stray losses" into account and functions within safe operating temperatures  Core and coil design engineered to manage the zero sequence flox caused by triplen harmonics  Provides 100% rated current without overheating the windings or saturating the core

K-Factor Transformer Accessories & Options  Wall mounting brackets (500 lbs maximum) (Item WB1C)  Weather Shields (UL-3R)  Totally enclosed non-ventilated designs (TENV) (Non UL)  Low temperature rise units available  Open core and coil designs (UL Recognized)  Copper Wound designs  Alternate voltages  Complaint to NEMA TP-1 Standards

Hazardous Location Transformers  Encapsulated transformers are rated for Hazardous Locations (Class 1, Division 2, Group A-D) as well as harsh industrial environments.  Encapsulation and rugged NEMA 3R enclosures protect the transformer from dust, moisture, and provide extra shock and vibration resistance.

Hazardous Location Transformers Features  kVA Single Phase Units  UL-3R non-encapsulated enclosure for indoor or outdoor service  Low temperature rise, UL Class 130 ° C or 80 ° C insulation system, 80 ° C temperature rise under full load  Conduit knockouts for side entry into roomy wiring compartment  Copper lead wire terminations  Class 1, Division 2

Hazardous Location Transformers Features .50 – 25 kVA Single Phase & 3-45 kVA Three Phase Units  UL-3R encapsulated enclosure for indoor and outdoor service  Electrostatically shielded for quality power on sizes 1 kVA and larger  UL Class 180 ° C or 200 ° C insulation system, 115 ° C temperature rise under full load  Conduit knockouts for side entry into wiring compartment  Copper lead wire terminations  KVA units are encapsulated with electrical grade silica sand and epoxy for industrial applications

Hazardous Location Accessories & Options  Wall Mounting Brackets (500 lbs maximum)  Weather Shields  Stainless Steel Enclosures  Totally Enclosed non-ventilated designs (TENV)  Open core and coil Designs  Copper Wound Designs  NEMA 4/12 or 4X Encapsulated Enclosures  Low Temperature Designs available

Buck-Boost Transformers  Buck-Boost transformers are single phase, four winding transformers designed for two purposes  The first purpose is as a low voltage isolation transformer for use on 12, 16, 24, 32, or 48 colt circuits. When used as low voltage transformers, Buck-Boost transformers have capacities of.050 kVA to 5.0 kVA  Their second, and more important use, is as a "Buck-Boost" transformer. Buck-Boost means that these transformers are used to buck (lower) or boost (increase) line voltage to match required load voltage  Buck-Boost transformers are used to correct consistently low or high voltage conditions, where the voltage difference ranges from approximately 5% to 27%

Buck-Boost Transformers Applications  The most common applications for these transformers are boosting 208 volt lines to 230 or 240 volts, and vice-versa  These applications include both single and three phase lines and are particularly common in HVAC applications for airconditioning appliances  Buck-Boost transformers are very well suited to motor loads, boosting 240 to 277 for lighting loads and many applications where nominal voltage is above or below 120 volts  Their use should be considered where supply line voltage is found to be consistently above or below desired nominal values of load voltage

Drive Isolation Transformers  For SCR (Silicon Control Rectifier) variable speed motor drive applications, a transformer is needed to magnetically isolate the incoming line from the motor drive.  The transformer must also provide a voltage change to match the required voltage of the SCR Drive.  Standard designs are delta primary and wye secondary to match the common power sources required in most three phase rectifier circuits  Drive isolation transformers are specifically designed to handle the mechanical stresses, voltage demands and harmonics associated with SCR applications

Drive Isolation Transformer Features  Available from 7.5 thru 440 KVA, 3 Phase, 60 Hz  Isolation minimizes load disturbances caused by the SCR drive  UL-3R enclosures when used with optional weather shield  Taps on all units for adjustments to incoming source voltage. Full capacity secondary neutral as required by the National Electric Code.  Shielding attenuates line to ground noise

Industrial Control Transformers  Industrial Control Transformers are used to reduce supply voltages to 230 volt or lower for the operation of electromagnetic devices such as contactors, solenoids, relays and timers.  They are designed to accommodate the momentary current inrush caused when electromagnetic components are energized, without sacrificing secondary voltage stability beyond practical limits.  Available in sizes from 50va to 5000va

Industrial Control Accessories  Primary fuse kits  Class II CC dual element fuses  Bussmann LPCC or Gould ATMR  Secondary fuse kits  Dual element slow-blow fuses  Bussmann FNM or Gould TRM

Transformer Selection  6 Step Selection Process  Determine primary voltage and frequency (Example: 460v 60Hz)  Determine the secondary voltage  Determine the capacity required in volt amperes (VA or kVA)  Determine if a single phase or three phase is required  Determine if transformer needs to be open or enclosed  Refer to appropriate manufacturer catalog for part number selection

When To Use A Transformer  A key application of transformers is to increase voltage before transmitting electrical energy over long distances through wires  By transforming electrical power to a high-voltage (and therefore low-current) form for transmission and back again afterwards, transformers enable economic transmission of power over long distances  Transformers have shaped the electricity supply industry, permitting generation to be located remotely from points of demand  Transformers are used extensively in electronic products to step down the supply voltage to a level suitable for the low voltage circuits they contain

Purchasing Information  Sola  Vendor number  McAuliffe Sales (248)  Tim Quinn (Outside Rep)  Gail House – McMc Purchasing Agent ( )  Available on SIMAN  Acme  Vendor number  Acme Electric (800)  Gail House – McMc Purchasing Agent ( )  Dongan  Vendor Number  Bill Coombe Sales (734)  Bill Coombe (Outside Rep)  Doug Trachy - McMc Purchasing Agent ( )

Purchasing Information (Cont.)  Allen Bradley  Vendor number  Allen Bradley (248)  Dan Paul (Outside Rep)  Patti Halloran – McMc Purchasing Agent ( )  Marcie  Vendor number  Marcie Electric (248)  Mark Marcie (Outside Rep)  Doug Trachy – McMc Purchasing Agent ( )  Daykin  Vendor Number  Daykin Electric (734)  Debbie Justin (Outside Rep)  Doug Trachy - McMc Purchasing Agent ( )

Purchasing Information (Cont.)  Edwards  Vendor number  Electrical Sales (734)  (Outside Rep)  Tom Korpieski – McMc Purchasing Agent ( )  General Electric  Vendor number  GE Industrial Systems (800)  ???? (Outside Rep)  Joey Hardison – McMc Purchasing Agent ( )  Available on SIMAN  Advance  Vendor number  McDonough & Associates (800)  Jim McDonough (Outside Rep)  Vanessa Thomas – McMc Purchasing Agent ( )  Available on SIMAN

?Questions?

5 Questions  What does VA and kVA stand for?  VA = Volt Amperes  kVA = Kilovolt Amperes  What is the maximum size Industrial Control Transformer?  5000 VA  When selling an Industrial Control Transformer what are two items you can up sell?  Fuse Kits & Fuses  What year was the three phase Transformer invented?  1889  What is primary and secondary voltage?  Primary = Incoming Voltage  Secondary = Output Voltage

Chip Hoffman / Chris Staller Cordsets & Prox Switches December 17 th, 2008