Chapter 8 Section 2 The Roman Republic

I. Rome’s Government (pgs ) A. Early Romans were divided into two classes: 1) Patricians (pa*trih*shunz) – noble ruling class/wealthy 1) Patricians (pa*trih*shunz) – noble ruling class/wealthy landowners landowners 2) Plebeians (plih*bee*uhnz) – artisans, shopkeepers, and 2) Plebeians (plih*bee*uhnz) – artisans, shopkeepers, and small farmers small farmers B. Both patricians and plebeians were considered Roman citizens who: a) Had the right to vote b) Paid taxes c) Served in the army C. Plebeians had a lower social status and could not hold office. Marriage between the two classes was forbidden

D. Top government officials were called consuls (kahn*suhls) E. Two consuls were chosen every year and were in charge of the army and ran the government F. Consuls could also veto, or reject, the other’s decisions The word veto is Latin for “I forbid”

G. Praetors (pree*tuhrz) were gov’t officials whose main job was to interpret laws and act as judges H. Rome’s most important legislative, or lawmaking, body was the Senate The Senate was a select group of 300 patrician men who served for life. I. The Senate could: a) Propose laws b) Hold debates c) Approve building programs programs

J. Another important legislative body was the Assembly of Centuries K. This assembly elected important officials,such as consuls and praetors, and passed laws. L. Like the Senate, the Assembly of Centuries was under the control of the patricians

Plebeians Against Patricians M. Plebeians were unhappy about having so little power N. In 494 B.C. may plebeians went on strike: a) they refused to serve in the army a) they refused to serve in the army b) they left the city to set up a republic of their own b) they left the city to set up a republic of their own O. The patricians were frightened into agreeing to share power P. In 471 B.C. the plebeians were allowed to set up their own body of representatives called the Council of Plebs

Q. In 455 B.C. plebeians and patricians were allowed to marry R. In the 300s B.C., plebeians were allowed to become consuls S. The most important change came in 287 B.C. when the Council of Plebs finally gained enough power to pass laws for all Romans

Who Was Cincinnatus ? T. Cincinnatus (sihn*suh*na*tuhs) was the best-known early Roman dictator U. Today, a dictator is an oppressive ruler, but in Rome, a dictator was a person who ruled temporarily during emergencies V. In 460 B.C., Cincinnatus defeated a powerful enemy who had surrounded Rome W. Cincinnatus was greatly admired and inspired many future leaders and inspired many future leaders such as George Washington such as George Washington

Questions in notes What were the two classes of people in Rome? What separated the two classes from each other? What was the name of the top government officials of Rome? This was an early dictator of the Romans who influenced people like George Washington. This was an early dictator of the Romans who influenced people like George Washington.

Bellringer Write about laws in our country. What do you know about obeying them? What happens when you disobey the law? Do laws keep people from doing bad things? Why or why not. 5-6 sentences Ship this time to finish questions

II. Roman Law One of Rome’s chief gifts to the world was its system of law A. The legal system of the United States owes much to the Roman system B. Rome’s first code of laws was the Twelve Tables which was adopted about 451 B.C. C. The laws were carved on bronze tablets and placed in Rome’s marketplace, or the Forum (fohr.uhm)

D. Another collection of laws, the Law of Nations, were created to address the issue of conquered people E. The idea that the law should apply to everyone equally is called the “rule of law” F. It is the key idea that Romans gave to the world and is still the basis of our legal system today

III. Rome Expands (pgs ) A. Carthage, a state on the coast of North Africa, was a powerful enemy of Rome B. Both Rome and Carthage wanted to control the island of Sicily C. In 264 B.C. The First Punic War began and dragged on for more than and dragged on for more than 20 years 20 years D. Finally, in 241 B.C., Rome crushed Carthage’s navy off crushed Carthage’s navy off the coast of Italy. the coast of Italy.

E. The Second Punic War began 218 B.C. F. Carthage had expanded into Spain and Rome helped the people of Spain rebel G. To punish them, Carthage sent its greatest general, Hannibal (ha*nuh*buhl) to attack Rome

H. Hannibal’s strategy was to take the fighting to Italy I. He took about 46,000 men to Spain and marched east to attack Italy J. Hannibal lost almost half of his men before even reaching Italy due to crossing the steep and snowy Alps and attacks from mountain tribes

K. At the Battle of Cannae (ka*nee), Hannibal’s forces overpowered the Romans badly. L. In 202 B.C., a Roman force led by a general named Scipio (sih*pee*oh) invaded Carthage M. Hannibal had no choice but to leave Italy and return home to defend his people

N. At the Battle of Zama (zay*muh), Scipio’s troops defeated the Carthaginians O. Carthage gave up Spain to Rome P. In 146 B.C., Rome finally destroyed its great rival of Carthage in the Third Punic War great rival of Carthage in the Third Punic War Q. Roman soldiers burned Carthage and enslaved 50,000 men, and enslaved 50,000 men, women, and children women, and children R. Rome also took all of Greece and Macedonia, parts of Africa, and Macedonia, parts of Africa, and a province in Asia during and a province in Asia during the Punic Wars the Punic Wars

Questions in notes What system modeled much of their laws from the Romans? These collections of laws were needed for the conquering of other people. Who did Rome go to battle against in the Punic Wars? Who was the famous general of the Carthage people? At which battle did Rome finally put an end to the 2 nd Punic Wars?

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