EXTERNAL MIGRATION

Migration through lottery  Interesting fact the US Diversity Visa program makes permanent Visas available to winners of a lottery providing the meet the entry requirements 155 winners are from New Zealand  They do this to promote cultural diversity  Should New Zealand consider this?

Learning Objectives  Explore what external migration is Identify difference in emigration and immigration  Investigate New Zealand migration in a New Zealand context  Investigate international example of migration

Definition: External Migration  Migration across an international border  Emigration – Leaving the country Emigrant for Exit Eg. I am a emigrant leaving New Zealand  Immigration – Coming into the country Immigrant for Into Eg. I am an immigrant coming into Australia

An introduction to New Zealand's migration  New Zealand has the worlds second highest proportion of immigrants in its workforce  Many New Zealanders are moving to Australia in search of greater employment opportunities  You must have an understanding of European language and be able to contribute to society in order to immigrate to New Zealand  Immigrants often settle in similar areas of cities

So why is New Zealand desirable?  Discuss push-pull factors for migrants coming fro  Australia  Pacific Islands  United Kingdom  Asia

New Zealand current net migration  Migration structure of New Zealand is variable  New Zealand's long-term migrants have just entered the negatives Figure 1: Annual Permanent Long-term Migration  Net migration = arrivals – departures

New Zealand Migrants  Speculate what cultures would you expect to be dominating the New Zealand migration scene

New Zealand immigrants  Top areas of immigrants  This graph shows the number of foreign born per census  Who is the greatest contributor Figure 1: Number of foreign born at successive censuses

Where do migrants to New Zealand come from?  A look at the countries influencing immigration in New Zealand  The United Kingdom provides New Zealand with its greatest number of immigrants What countries are in the UK  Indian, China, and the Philippines have had high migrant come to New Zealand

The big picture

How does New Zealand limit immigration?  Immigration act 2009  Limit of 750 refugees per year  Net immigration target of 45,000  Target groups with allowances eg 1000 from Samoa  Do you think these figures are accurately determined as a sustainable quota  Fill out a section of the New Zealand working visa application, discuss with the class the requirements you had to provide

Ensure we get the best  Skilled Migrant Category  The Skilled Migrant Category (SMC) offers you the opportunity to move to New Zealand to work and live permanently.  Who can apply?  To be eligible for residence under SMC you must: be 55 or under be healthy be of good character speak English.  To decide if you can apply we use a points system. You get points for age, experience, employability and qualifications

Immigration pros  We buy cheep goods from China so why not workers  Immigrants tend to be hard working  Willing to do jobs New Zealanders don't  Skilled – due to immigration limitations  New innovation with immigration Yahoo, Google, EBay all cofounded by immigrants

Immigration cons  Over population  Over qualified migrants taking New Zealand jobs  Loss of cultural diversity The theory that the world is moving towards a single culture

Debate  Should New Zealand close all immigration like China did OR  Should New Zealand have unlimited immigration  How would we balance accurately immigration?

New Zealand emigration  Limits to emigration for New Zealand  No considerable limit to emigration  Unpaid fines over $1000  Court dates prevent immigration  Interest free student loans generate interest if you leave the country  Issues to emigration  The Brain Drain Consider the statement “Brain drain claims third of New Zealand’s PhDs”

Cartoon Interpretation

Migrating to Australia  New Zealand and Australia have a relationship where either resident can get a Special Category Visa  Australia has a very strict migration policy  But New Zealanders can freely migrate because of a migration agreement between our countries  Australians can also freely migrate to New Zealand  New Zealanders are taking advantages of the strong Australian economy and migrating  Should the government be trying to stop this

Summary  Covered what external migration is The difference in emigration and immigration  A look at New Zealand emigration and immigration  Investigate international example of migration