Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius, AUTOMOTIVE SCHOOL GDAŃSK, POLAND

Migration netto = immigrants (those,who came to the country) – emigrants (those, who left the country) [thousand] Source: Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Statistical data from Eurostat shows a long term problem for Poland - Polish citizens emigrate a lot. Starting in the 60-ties up till now emigration netto (difference between immigrants and emigrants) is an on-going process. Apogee was in the 90-ties of the XX century. In 2010 Poland was on the 4th place when it comes to the number of emigrants (after China, Romania and India). During 50 years over 1,7 million Polish citizens left the country (netto). There are 3,5 million people born in Poland but of different nationality and their children born abroad (data from OECD "International Migration Outlook 2012”). In XXI century, each year there is one Polish city of 50 thousand disappearing. Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

2002 NSP NSP 2011 Ogółem [tys.] Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Main directions of Polish emigration: UK, Germany, Ireland. The increase in number of Polish citizens in the UK and Germany is a result of job permit for Polish people since 1st May Decrease in number of Polish emigrants: Ireland and Spain. Over 75% of Polish short term emigrants stays abroad at least 12 months. 73% people emigrate because of job, 16% - because of family reasons. Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Those who leave the country are in most cases young peoplewith higher education. 65% of all emigrants are in mobile age (18-44), and 83% in productive age (18-64 men, women) Most emigrants come from southern regions of Poland.

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Going to work that is not offered in the country (often without permit) people with low qualifications municipal services, on construction sites, in transportation, in industry: food processing industry, in mining, in metallurgy… Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Emigration in order to earn more money, to moonlight (for house, education) international contracts and other less risky forms of employment, huge group of women international contracts and other less risky forms of employment, huge group of women in households and on the farms, in small companies, in nursing, homes, … Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Business trips, better chances of professional development Business trips, better chances of professional development people with better qualifications in ceratin jobs, that are needed in some countries health service, IT specialist, architects, financial services, pilots Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Emigrants send money transfers to the home country, for family members. 50% emigrants send money once a month, 25% - once every 2-3 months. In 2012 avarage transfer of money was 633 euro, all together it was 4,2 billion euro, in other words 17 billion PLN.

PROS  Decreasing of social tension that’s the result of difficult situation on the job market  Gaining work experience abroad and possibility of using it in the future job after returning to the country  Improvement of language skills  Money transfers for the family that stayed in the home country. COSTS  Lack of benefits that is the result of employing young and better educated people  Family costs: separation from the family, children brought up without parents  Impairment of social and local bonds  Social costs: results of hard work – costs borne in the country health and social benefits and retirement Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

PROS  Cheap labour force is worse job sectors, where not many want to work (sesonal jobs, in the farming and in some services).  Removal of the unbalance in loss- making jobs that are getting more and more popular: health care, IT,...  In case of short term migration there’s no risk of social obligations.  Using the benefits of youth and stronger motivation for work and earning money of foreign workers – additional stimulus for economic growth COSTS  Competition on home job market, reduction of earnings in sectors that employ foreigners  Unfriendly attitude to foreigners, xenophobia.  Social obligations if foreigners are employed legally.  Diffficulties in integration of foreigners and local people Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,

Sources  Instytut Pracy i Spraw Socjalnych; Emigracja zarobkowa z Polski. Przyczyny i skutki; Stanisława Golinowska; Konferencja Rzecznika Praw Obywatelskich ; Radziejowice  GUS; Informacja o rozmiarach i kierunkach emigracji z Polski w latach 2004 – 2011; konferencja prasowa w dniu 25 września 2012 r.  Dane GUS  Dane Eurostat Migration in the past, the present and the future - problems and opportunities LLP Comenius,